突破

Chinese

		to dash; to move forward quickly	to break; to split; broken to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out
trad. (突破)		突	破
simp. #(突破)		突	破

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tūpò, túpò

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄆㄛˋ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄆㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶ po³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-phòa / tu̍t-phò͘ / tu̍t-phò

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dug⁸ pua³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tūpò
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tupò
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu¹-pʻo⁴
    • Yale: tū-pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tupoh
    • Palladius: тупо (tupo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: túpò
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: túpò
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²-pʻo⁴
    • Yale: tú-pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twupoh
    • Palladius: тупо (tupo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dat⁶ po³
    • Yale: daht po
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹ po³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶ po³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚² pʰɔː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-phòa
    • Tâi-lô: tu̍t-phuà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dudphoax
    • IPA (Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰua²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰua⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰua²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-phò͘
    • Tâi-lô: tu̍t-phòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dudphox
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² pʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-phò
    • Tâi-lô: tu̍t-phò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dudphoix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴⁻³² pʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pʰo²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dug⁸ pua³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k phuà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuk̚⁴⁻² pʰua²¹³/

Verb

突破

1. (literally, military) to breach a main defense position; to pierce; to penetrate
2. (figuratively) to make a breakthrough

Synonyms

• (to breach a main defense position):

• 攻破 (gōngpò)
• 陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

 

Noun

突破

1. breakthrough

Synonyms

• 起色 (qǐsè)
• 轉機／转机 (zhuǎnjī)

Derived terms

• 突破性 (tūpòxìng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (突破):

• → Japanese: 突(とっ)破(ぱ) (toppa)

Related terms

• 打破 (dǎpò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
突	破
とつ > とっ Grade: S	は > ぱ Grade: 5
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
突破 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とっぱ [tòppá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞p̚pa̠]

Noun

突(とっ)破(ぱ) • (toppa) 

1. rising above, exceeding, breaking
2. breaking through
3. overcoming

Verb

突(とっ)破(ぱ)する • (toppa suru) suru (stem 突(とっ)破(ぱ)し (toppa shi), past 突(とっ)破(ぱ)した (toppa shita))

1. exceed, pass, break (a level, a mark)

   4000(よんせん)人(にん)の大台(おおだい)を突破(とっぱ)した。

   Yonsen-nin no ōdai o toppa shita.

   The death toll surpassed four thousands.

2. break through
3. overcome

Conjugation

Conjugation of "突破する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	突破し	とっぱし	toppa shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	突破し	とっぱし	toppa shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	突破する	とっぱする	toppa suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	突破する	とっぱする	toppa suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	突破すれ	とっぱすれ	toppa sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	突破せよ¹ 突破しろ²	とっぱせよ¹ とっぱしろ²	toppa seyo¹ toppa shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	突破される	とっぱされる	toppa sareru
Causative	突破させる 突破さす	とっぱさせる とっぱさす	toppa saseru toppa sasu
Potential	突破できる	とっぱできる	toppa dekiru
Volitional	突破しよう	とっぱしよう	toppa shiyō
Negative	突破しない	とっぱしない	toppa shinai
Negative continuative	突破せず	とっぱせず	toppa sezu
Formal	突破します	とっぱします	toppa shimasu
Perfective	突破した	とっぱした	toppa shita
Conjunctive	突破して	とっぱして	toppa shite
Hypothetical conditional	突破すれば	とっぱすれば	toppa sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative