膨らむ

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
ふく
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
脹らむ

Etymology

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First cited to the mid-800s.[1]

From , (fukura, a bulge, a swelling) +‎ (-mu, suffix indicating “looks like, seems like”). The fukura portion is in turn from now-archaic verb 膨る, 脹る (fukuru, to swell, to bulge), superseded by modern 膨れる, 脹れる (fukureru) of the same meaning.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「膨らむ
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
膨らむ くらむ [fùkúrámú]
Imperative (命令形) 膨らめ くらめ [fùkúrámé]
Key constructions
Passive 膨らまれる くらまれる [fùkúrámárérú]
Causative 膨らませる くらませる [fùkúrámásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 膨らもう くらも [fùkúrámóꜜò]
Negative 膨らまない くらまない [fùkúrámánáí]
Negative perfective 膨らまなかった くらまなかった [fùkúrámánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 膨らみます くらみま [fùkúrámímáꜜsù]
Perfective 膨らんだ くらんだ [fùkúráńdá]
Conjunctive 膨らんで くらんで [fùkúráńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 膨らめば くらめ [fùkúráméꜜbà]

Verb

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(ふく)らむ (fukuramuintransitive godan (stem (ふく)らみ (fukurami), past (ふく)らんだ (fukuranda))

  1. to swell, to expand, to get bigger

Usage notes

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The intransitive verb 膨らむ (fukuramu) is used to describe something that happens naturally of its own accord, generally with a positive sense.

  • (つぼみ)(ふく)らむ(ゆめ)(ふく)らむ(むね)が〔(しあわ)せなどで〕(ふく)らむ
    tsubomi ga fukuramu, yume ga fukuramu, mune ga 〔shiawase nado de〕 fukuramu
    the buds swell, one's dreams grow bigger, one's chest swells [with joy, etc.]

The synonym 膨れる (fukureru) is used to describe something that happens due to an abnormality or external force, not necessarily with a positive sense.

  • パンが(ふく)れる(むくろ)(ふく)れる(ほお)(ふく)れる
    pan ga fukureru, mukuro ga fukureru, hō ga fukureru
    the bread rises, the corpse bloats, one's cheeks puff up (→ one pouts or sulks)

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN