膨れる
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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膨 |
ふく Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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脹れる |
From Old Japanese 膨る (pukuru), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), from Proto-Japonic *pukoru.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Compare 膨らむ (fukuramu, “to swell, to get bigger”), 膨らます (fukuramasu, “to make swell, to fill up”), and 袋 (fukuro, “bag”), from the way a bag is filled with items.
First cited to the Man’yōshū, completed sometime after 759 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "膨れる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
膨れる | ふくれる | [fùkúrérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 膨れろ | ふくれろ | [fùkúréró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 膨れられる | ふくれられる | [fùkúrérárérú] |
Causative | 膨れさせる | ふくれさせる | [fùkúrésásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 膨れよう | ふくれよー | [fùkúréyóꜜò] |
Negative | 膨れない | ふくれない | [fùkúrénáí] |
Negative perfective | 膨れなかった | ふくれなかった | [fùkúrénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 膨れます | ふくれます | [fùkúrémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 膨れた | ふくれた | [fùkúrétá] |
Conjunctive | 膨れて | ふくれて | [fùkúrété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 膨れれば | ふくれれば | [fùkúréréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]膨れる • (fukureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 膨れ (fukure), past 膨れた (fukureta))
Usage notes
[edit]膨れる (fukureru) is used to describe something that happens due to an abnormality or external force, not necessarily with a positive sense.
- パンが膨れる、躯が膨れる、頬が膨れる
Its synonym, the intransitive verb 膨らむ (fukuramu) is used to describe something that happens naturally of its own accord, generally with a positive sense.
- 蕾が膨らむ、夢が膨らむ、胸が〔幸せなどで〕膨らむ
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "膨れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 膨れ | ふくれ | fukure | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 膨れ | ふくれ | fukure | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 膨れる | ふくれる | fukureru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 膨れる | ふくれる | fukureru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 膨れれ | ふくれれ | fukurere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 膨れよ¹ 膨れろ² |
ふくれよ¹ ふくれろ² |
fukureyo¹ fukurero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 膨れられる | ふくれられる | fukurerareru | |
Causative | 膨れさせる 膨れさす |
ふくれさせる ふくれさす |
fukuresaseru fukuresasu | |
Potential | 膨れられる 膨れれる³ |
ふくれられる ふくれれる³ |
fukurerareru fukurereru³ | |
Volitional | 膨れよう | ふくれよう | fukureyō | |
Negative | 膨れない 膨れぬ 膨れん |
ふくれない ふくれぬ ふくれん |
fukurenai fukurenu fukuren | |
Negative continuative | 膨れず | ふくれず | fukurezu | |
Formal | 膨れます | ふくれます | fukuremasu | |
Perfective | 膨れた | ふくれた | fukureta | |
Conjunctive | 膨れて | ふくれて | fukurete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 膨れれば | ふくれれば | fukurereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
[edit]- ^ “脹・膨”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 膨 read as ふく
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
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