越南

Chinese

		Yue	south
simp. and trad. (越南)		越	南
2nd round simp.		迌𲓜
anagram		南越

Etymology

After founding the Nguyễn dynasty in 1802, Nguyễn Phúc Ánh sought Qing investiture under the title 南越 (Nányuè, “Nanyue”), citing his dynasty's southern origins and dominion over the lands of Yue. The Qing court refused, since 南越 (Nányuè) was the name of Zhao Tuo's ancient kingdom of Nanyue, whose domain had included Guangdong and Guangxi. As a compromise, the Jiaqing Emperor reversed the characters to 越南 (Yuènán) in 1803: 越 (yuè) first for the inherited realm of 大越 (Dàyuè, “Great Yue”), 南 (nán) second for the newly expanded southern domain.

以越字冠於上，仍其先世疆域；以南字列於下，表其新錫藩封。且在百越之南，與古所稱南越不致混淆。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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以越字冠于上，仍其先世疆域；以南字列于下，表其新锡藩封。且在百越之南，与古所称南越不致混淆。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: 1803, edict of the Jiaqing Emperor

Yǐ Yuè zì guàn yú shàng, réng qí xiānshì jiāngyù; yǐ Nán zì liè yú xià, biǎo qí xīn xī fān fēng. Qiě zài BǎiYuè zhī nán, yǔ gǔ suǒ chēng NánYuè bùzhì hùnxiáo. [Pinyin]

Placing the character Yuè first retains their ancestral domain; placing the character Nán second marks their newly conferred enfeoffment. Moreover, lying south of the Hundred Yue, the name will not be confused with the ancient Nanyue.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yuènán

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶ naam⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Ye̍t-nàm / Ya̍t-nàm

  (Hailu, HRS): rhad^ˋ nam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yad⁶ nam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): Uŏk-nàng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh⁷ nang² / yoeh⁷ nang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Oa̍t-lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uag⁸ nam⁵ / uêg⁸ lam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yuq-noe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yuènán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yuènán
    • Wade–Giles: Yüeh⁴-nan²
    • Yale: Ywè-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yuehnan
    • Palladius: Юэнань (Juenanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶ naam⁴
    • Yale: yuht nàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹ naam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶ nam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚² naːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ye̍t-nàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ied nam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁶ nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚⁵ nam¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ya̍t-nàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad nam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁶ nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚⁵ nam¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhad^ˋ nam
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒat² nam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yad⁶ nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /iat̚⁵ nam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Uŏk-nàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh⁷ nang² [Phonetic: oeh⁶ nang²]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: E̤̍h-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œʔ⁴⁻²¹ naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeh⁷ nang² [Phonetic: yoeh⁶ nang²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøʔ⁴⁻² naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Oa̍t-lâm
    • Tâi-lô: Ua̍t-lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oadlaam
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴⁻³² lam²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lam¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴⁻² lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /uat̚⁴⁻³ lam²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /uat̚⁴⁻³² lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /uat̚⁴³⁻²¹ lam²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: uag⁸ nam⁵ / uêg⁸ lam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ua̍k nâm / ue̍k lâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uak̚⁴⁻² nam⁵⁵/, /uek̚⁴⁻² lam⁵⁵/

Note:

• uag8 nam5 - Shantou;
• uêg8 lam5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yuq-noe
    • MiniDict: yuih^入 noe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhyq-noe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyɪʔ¹¹ nø²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hjwot nom

Rime
Character	越	南
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	月 (68)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	王伐切	那含切
Baxter	hjwot	nom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐt̚/	/nʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐt̚/	/nəm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐt̚/	/nɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuat̚/	/nəm/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐt̚/	/nᴀm/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐt̚/	/nɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɐt̚/	/năm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè	nán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut6	naam4

Proper noun

越南

1. Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 越南 (“Vietnam”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		越南
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	越南
Cantonese	Hong Kong	越南
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	越南
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	越南
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	越南, 安南
	Móng Cái	越南
Southern Min	Xiamen	越南
	Quanzhou	越南
	Zhangzhou	越南
	Penang (Hokkien)	越南

Derived terms

• 越南人 (Yuènánrén)
• 越南共和國 / 越南共和国 (Yuènán Gònghéguó)
• 越南煎餅 / 越南煎饼 (Yuènán jiānbǐng)
• 越南猴子 (Yuènán hóuzi)
• 越南社會主義共和國 / 越南社会主义共和国 (Yuènán Shèhuì Zhǔyì Gònghéguó)
• 越南語 / 越南语 (Yuènányǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (越南):

• → Japanese: 越(えつ)南(なん) (Etsunan)
• → Okinawan: 越(いつ)南(なん) (Itsunan)
• → Korean: 월남(越南) (Wollam)
• → Vietnamese: Việt Nam (越南)

Others:

• → Zhuang: Yeznanz

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
越	南
えつ Grade: S	なん Grade: 2
kan'on	goon

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 越南 (Yuènán).

For the further etymology of the name of the country, see Vietnam#Etymology.

Proper noun

越(えつ)南(なん) • (Etsunan) ^{←ゑつなん (Wetunan)?}

1. synonym of ベトナム (Betonamu): Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
越	南
ベトナム
Grade: S (ateji)	Grade: 2 (ateji)
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 越南 – see the following entry.

【ベトナム】 [proper noun] Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)

(This term, 越南, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

See also

• 安(あん)南(なん) (Annan, another older name for Vietnam)

References

• “〈越南〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Anagrams

• 南(なん)越(えつ) (Nan'etsu, older name for Vietnam)

Korean

Hanja in this term
越	南

Proper noun

越南 • (wollam) (hangeul 월남)

1. hanja form^? of 월남 (“Vietnam”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
越	南
いつ Grade: S	なん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 越南 (Yuènán).

Proper noun

越(いつ)南(なん) (Itsunan) 

1. Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)

   Synonyms: ベトナム (Betonamu), 安南 (Annan)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
越	南

Proper noun

越南

1. chữ Hán form of Việt Nam (“Vietnam”)