躑躅

See also: 踯躅

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (躑躅)		躑	躅
simp. (踯躅)		踯	躅
alternative forms		蹢躅

Etymology

Cognate with 躊躇 (OC *du da), 踟躕 (OC *de do), 彳亍 (OC *tʰeɡ toɡs/tʰoɡ), all meaning "walking slowly or with difficulty > hesitant".

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhízhú

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄓㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶ zuk⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhízhú
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄓㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhjhú
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-chu²
    • Yale: jŕ-jú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrjwu
    • Palladius: чжичжу (čžičžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaak⁶ zuk⁶
    • Yale: jaahk juhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹ dzuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶ zug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚² t͡sʊk̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjek drjowk

Rime
Character	躑	躅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	清 (123)	鍾 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直炙切	直録切
Baxter	drjek	drjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖiᴇk̚/	/ɖɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɛk̚/	/ɖiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæk̚/	/ȡiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiajk̚/	/ɖuawk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiɛk̚/	/ȡiok̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛk̚/	/ȡĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛk̚/	/ȡʱi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhí	zhú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik6	zuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]rek  [d]rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*deɡ  doɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躑	躅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ drjek ›	‹ drjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]rek/	/*[d]rok/
English	躑躅 stamp the feet	躑躅 stamp the feet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躑	躅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2354	11826
Phonetic component	奠	蜀
Rime group	錫	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	擲
Old Chinese	/*deɡ/	/*doɡ/

Verb

躑躅

1. (literary) to walk to and fro; to wander about

Synonyms

• 彷徨 (pánghuáng)
• 徘徊
• 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
• 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
• 走來走去／走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
• 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú)

 

Noun

躑躅

1. (literary) Alternative name for 杜鵑花／杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā, “rhododendron”).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
躑	躅
つつじ
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

Etymology

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:

• A shift from 続き咲き (tsuzuki saki, literally “continuously blooming”)
• Possibly related to Korean 철쭉 (cheoljjuk), as in 황철쭉 (hwangcheoljjuk, “Rhododendron japonicum”)

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú).

Noun

躑躅(つつじ) or 躑躅(ツツジ) • (tsutsuji) 

1. rhododendron, azalea

Usage notes

Broadly speaking, the azalea blooms earlier and is distinguished in Japanese as 皐月 (satsuki).

Proper noun

躑躅(つつじ) • (Tsutsuji) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Further reading

• Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
• Entry at Gogen Allguide (in Japanese)