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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Noun
m
akh
ghost , spectre , spirit of the dead interfering with the living
Used as an epithet for certain lesser gods and demons [Pyramid Texts]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣḫ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣḫ
Descendants
Noun
m
the state of being an akh or qualities pertaining to that state: spiritual power or dignity
mental faculty or skill
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣḫ
Verb
2-lit.
( intransitive ) to be(come) effective , to be(come) useful
( intransitive ) to be(come) splendid , radiant , glorious
( intransitive ) to be(come) an akh
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣḫ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣḫ , geminated stem: ꜣḫḫ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫw , ꜣḫ
ꜣḫt
ꜣḫ , j.ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ , j.ꜣḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜣḫ
ḥr ꜣḫ
m ꜣḫ
r ꜣḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
ꜣḫ.n
consecutive
ꜣḫ.jn
terminative
ꜣḫt
perfective 3
ꜣḫ
obligative1
ꜣḫ.ḫr
imperfective
ꜣḫ , j.ꜣḫ 1
prospective 3
ꜣḫ
potentialis1
ꜣḫ.kꜣ
subjunctive
ꜣḫ , j.ꜣḫ 1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
ꜣḫ.n
—
—
perfective
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫḫ , ꜣḫḫj 6 , ꜣḫ 2 , ꜣḫw 2 5 , ꜣḫy 2 5
imperfective
j.ꜣḫ 1 , ꜣḫ , ꜣḫy , ꜣḫw 5
j.ꜣḫ 1 , j.ꜣḫw 1 5 , ꜣḫ , ꜣḫj 6 , ꜣḫy 6
ꜣḫ , ꜣḫw 5
prospective
ꜣḫ , ꜣḫtj 7
ꜣḫtj 4 , ꜣḫt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ
ꜣḫ
[Old Kingdom]
[Old Kingdom]
Derived terms
Noun
m
thicket of papyrus
Inflection
Declension of ꜣḫ (masculine)
Derived terms
References
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 13.7–15.3, 15.17–16.14, 17.10–17.11, 18.14
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 4
Allen, James Peter (1984 ) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts , Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN , § 728 , page 544