Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3ae inf.
( intransitive ) to be(come) wide , to be(come) long
( intransitive ) to be(come) long (in time or duration)
( intransitive ) to be(come) rich or abundant in something, particularly offerings [Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]
( intransitive , shortened from ꜣwj-jb ) to rejoice , be(come) glad [Greco-Roman Period]
Usage notes
This intransitive use of this verb is attested earlier than the transitive use below.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣwt , ꜣwj
ꜣww , ꜣw
ꜣwt , ꜣwwt , ꜣwyt
ꜣw
ꜣw , ꜣwy
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
ꜣw.n
consecutive
ꜣw.jn
terminative
ꜣwt , ꜣwyt
perfective 3
ꜣw
obligative1
ꜣw.ḫr
imperfective
ꜣw , ꜣwy
prospective 3
ꜣww , ꜣw , ꜣwy
potentialis1
ꜣw.kꜣ
subjunctive
ꜣw , ꜣwy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
ꜣw.n
—
—
perfective
ꜣww 1 , ꜣwy , ꜣw
ꜣw
ꜣwy , ꜣw
imperfective
ꜣw , ꜣwy , ꜣww 5
ꜣw , ꜣwj 6 , ꜣwy 6
ꜣw , ꜣww 5
prospective
ꜣww 1 , ꜣwy , ꜣw , ꜣwtj 7
ꜣwwtj 1 4 , ꜣwtj 4 , ꜣwt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
[Old Kingdom]
[18th Dynasty]
[18th Dynasty]
[Late Egyptian]
Derived terms
Descendants
Demotic: ꜥw
Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩ ( ōou )
Verb
3ae inf.
( transitive ) to extend , to stretch out (a hand or arm )
( transitive ) to give as an offering
( transitive ) to present or deliver , particularly a document to an authority
( transitive ) to announce or present (a person) (+ n : to someone)
( reflexive ) to arouse ? oneself (to fight )
18th Dynasty , scarab of Tuthmosis IV:[ 1]
jr ꜣww .f sw r ꜥḥꜣ jtn r ḥꜣt.f sw (ḥr) sksk ḏww ḥr ptpt ḫꜣswt If he arouses himself to fight, with the Aten in front of him, he destroys the mountains and tramples down the foreign lands.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣwt , ꜣwj
ꜣww , ꜣw
ꜣwt , ꜣwwt , ꜣwyt
ꜣw
ꜣw , ꜣwy
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜣw.n
ꜣww , ꜣw , ꜣwy
consecutive
ꜣw.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜣwt , ꜣwyt
perfective 3
ꜣw
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ꜣw.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜣw , ꜣwy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜣww , ꜣw , ꜣwy
ꜣww , ꜣw , ꜣwy
potentialis1
ꜣw.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜣw , ꜣwy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜣw.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜣww 1 , ꜣwy , ꜣw
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣw
ꜣwy , ꜣw
imperfective
ꜣw , ꜣwy , ꜣww 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣw , ꜣwj 6 , ꜣwy 6
ꜣw , ꜣww 5
prospective
ꜣww 1 , ꜣwy , ꜣw , ꜣwtj 7
—
ꜣwwtj 1 4 , ꜣwtj 4 , ꜣwt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwj
ꜣwy
jꜣwj
[Old Kingdom]
[Middle Kingdom]
[Middle Kingdom]
[Late Egyptian]
[Late Egyptian]
[Late Egyptian]
[Late Period]
Derived terms
Descendants
From the imperative:
From the imperative compounded with sw :
References
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 3.12–4.6, 5.4–5.12
Lesko, Leonard , Lesko, Barbara (2002 ) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian , second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN , pages 2–3
Wilson, Penelope (1991 ) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu , Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 3–4
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , pages 1–2
Černý, Jaroslav (1976 ) Coptic Etymological Dictionary , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , pages 14, 230
^ Shorter, Alan W. (1931) “Historical Scarabs of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , vol. 17, page 23