넘치다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 넘ᄣᅵ다 (Yale: nempstita). First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄣᅵ다 (Yale: pstita). First attested in the Sohak eonhae (小學諺解 / 소학언해), 1586, as Middle Korean 넘어디다 (Yale: nem.etita).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈnɘ(ː)mt͡ɕʰida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [넘(ː)치다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | neomchida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | neomchida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nŏmch'ida |
| Yale Romanization? | nēmchita |
Verb
넘치다 • (neomchida) (infinitive 넘쳐 or 넘치어, sequential 넘치니)
- to overflow, to run over, brim over, to flood
- 물이 넘치다
- muri neomchida
- overflowing with water.
- 돈이 넘치다
- doni neomchida
- be flush of money.
- to flow out or be pushed out of(a room)by being full.
- to go well beyond a certain extent
- a strong rise in feeling or energy beyond one's degree.
- to pass beyond certain criteria, usually written with one's means
- to go beyond one's criteria or goal
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 넘치다 (neomchida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 넘친다 neomchinda |
넘쳐 neomcheo |
넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo |
넘칩니다 neomchimnida |
| Past | 넘쳤다 neomcheotda |
넘쳤어 neomcheosseo |
넘쳤어요 neomcheosseoyo |
넘쳤습니다 neomcheotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 넘치느냐 neomchineunya |
넘쳐 neomcheo |
넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo |
넘칩니까 neomchimnikka |
| Past | 넘쳤느냐 neomcheonneunya |
넘쳤어 neomcheosseo |
넘쳤어요 neomcheosseoyo |
넘쳤습니까 neomcheotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 넘치자 neomchija |
넘쳐 neomcheo |
넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo |
넘치십시다 neomchisipsida | |
| Imperative | 넘쳐라, 넘치어라 neomcheora, neomchieora |
넘쳐 neomcheo |
넘쳐요, 넘치어요 neomcheoyo, neomchieoyo |
넘칩시오 neomchipsio | |
| Assertive | 넘치겠다 neomchigetda |
넘치겠어 neomchigesseo |
넘치겠어요 neomchigesseoyo |
넘치겠습니다 neomchigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 넘쳐 neomcheo |
넘쳐서, 넘치어서 neomcheoseo, neomchieoseo |
넘치니 neomchini |
넘치니까 neomchinikka | |
| Contrast | 넘치지만 neomchijiman |
넘치는데 neomchineunde |
넘치더니 neomchideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 넘치고 neomchigo |
||||
| Condition | 넘치면 neomchimyeon |
넘쳐야, 넘치어야 neomcheoya, neomchieoya |
|||
| Motive | 넘치려고 neomchiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 넘침 neomchim |
넘치기 neomchigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 넘쳤음, 넘치었음 neomcheosseum, neomchieosseum |
넘쳤기, 넘치었기 neomcheotgi, neomchieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 넘친 neomchin | |||
| Present | 넘치는 neomchineun | ||||
| Future | 넘칠 neomchil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 넘치신다 neomchisinda |
넘치셔 neomchisyeo |
넘치세요, 넘치셔요 neomchiseyo, neomchisyeoyo |
넘치십니다 neomchisimnida |
| Past | 넘치셨다 neomchisyeotda |
넘치셨어 neomchisyeosseo |
넘치셨어요 neomchisyeosseoyo |
넘치셨습니다 neomchisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 넘치시느냐 neomchisineunya |
넘치셔 neomchisyeo |
넘치세요, 넘치셔요 neomchiseyo, neomchisyeoyo |
넘치십니까 neomchisimnikka |
| Past | 넘치셨느냐 neomchisyeonneunya |
넘치셨어 neomchisyeosseo |
넘치셨어요 neomchisyeosseoyo |
넘치셨습니까 neomchisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 넘치시라 neomchisira |
넘치셔 neomchisyeo |
넘치세요 neomchiseyo |
넘치십시오 neomchisipsio | |
| Assertive | 넘치시겠다 neomchisigetda |
넘치시겠어 neomchisigesseo |
넘치시겠어요 neomchisigesseoyo |
넘치시겠습니다 neomchisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 넘치셔 neomchisyeo |
넘치셔서 neomchisyeoseo |
넘치시니 neomchisini |
넘치시니까 neomchisinikka | |
| Contrast | 넘치시지만 neomchisijiman |
넘치시는데 neomchisineunde |
넘치시더니 neomchisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 넘치시고 neomchisigo |
||||
| Condition | 넘치시면 neomchisimyeon |
넘치셔야 neomchisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 넘치시려고 neomchisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 넘치심 neomchisim |
넘치시기 neomchisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 넘치셨음 neomchisyeosseum |
넘치셨기 neomchisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 넘치신 neomchisin | |||
| Present | 넘치시는 neomchisineun | ||||
| Future | 넘치실 neomchisil | ||||