जल
Bhojpuri
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala)
Noun
[edit]जल (jal) m (Kaithi 𑂔𑂪)
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀮 (jala), from जल (jalá).
Noun
[edit]जल • (jal) m (Urdu spelling جل)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]जल • (jal)
- inflection of जलना (jalnā):
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala). Doublet of जळ (jaḷ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]जल • (jal) n
Declension
[edit]Declension of जल (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
जल jal | ||
direct plural |
जले, जलं jale, jala | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
जल jal |
जले, जलं jale, jala | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
जला jalā |
जलां- jalān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
जलाला jalālā |
जलांना jalānnā | |
ergative | जलाने, जलानं jalāne, jalāna |
जलांनी jalānnī | |
instrumental | जलाशी jalāśī |
जलांशी jalānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
जलात jalāt |
जलांत jalāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
जला jalā |
जलांनो jalānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of जल (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
जलाचा jalāċā |
जलाचे jalāċe |
जलाची jalācī |
जलाच्या jalācā |
जलाचे, जलाचं jalāċe, jalāċa |
जलाची jalācī |
जलाच्या jalācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
जलांचा jalānċā |
जलांचे jalānċe |
जलांची jalāñcī |
जलांच्या jalāncā |
जलांचे, जलांचं jalānċe, jalānċa |
जलांची jalāñcī |
जलांच्या jalāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms
[edit]- भूजल (bhūjal, “groundwater”)
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine, “जल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jalá).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]जल • (jal)
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]जल n
- Devanagari script form of jala (“water”)
Declension
[edit]Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | जलं (jalaṃ) | जलानि (jalāni) |
Accusative (second) | जलं (jalaṃ) | जलानि (jalāni) |
Instrumental (third) | जलेन (jalena) | जलेहि (jalehi) or जलेभि (jalebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | जलस्स (jalassa) or जलाय (jalāya) or जलत्थं (jalatthaṃ) | जलानं (jalānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | जलस्मा (jalasmā) or जलम्हा (jalamhā) or जला (jalā) | जलेहि (jalehi) or जलेभि (jalebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | जलस्स (jalassa) | जलानं (jalānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | जलस्मिं (jalasmiṃ) or जलम्हि (jalamhi) or जले (jale) | जलेसु (jalesu) |
Vocative (calling) | जल (jala) | जलानि (jalāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- জল (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬮ (Balinese script)
- জল (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဇလ (Burmese script)
- જલ (Gujarati script)
- ਜਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಲ (Kannada script)
- ជល (Khmer script)
- ຊລ (Lao script)
- ജല (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଜଲ (Odia script)
- ꢙꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ජල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚥 (Takri script)
- ஜல (Tamil script)
- జల (Telugu script)
- ชล (Thai script)
- ཛ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
[edit]From जल् (jal, “to be sharp; to be stiff or dull”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]जल • (jalá) stem
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of जल (jalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | जलः jaláḥ |
जलौ / जला¹ jalaú / jalā́¹ |
जलाः / जलासः¹ jalā́ḥ / jalā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | जल jála |
जलौ / जला¹ jálau / jálā¹ |
जलाः / जलासः¹ jálāḥ / jálāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | जलम् jalám |
जलौ / जला¹ jalaú / jalā́¹ |
जलान् jalā́n |
Instrumental | जलेन jaléna |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलैः / जलेभिः¹ jalaíḥ / jalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | जलाय jalā́ya |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | जलात् jalā́t |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | जलस्य jalásya |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलानाम् jalā́nām |
Locative | जले jalé |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलेषु jaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of जला (jalā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | जला jalā́ |
जले jalé |
जलाः jalā́ḥ |
Vocative | जले jále |
जले jále |
जलाः jálāḥ |
Accusative | जलाम् jalā́m |
जले jalé |
जलाः jalā́ḥ |
Instrumental | जलया / जला¹ jaláyā / jalā́¹ |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलाभिः jalā́bhiḥ |
Dative | जलायै jalā́yai |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलाभ्यः jalā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | जलायाः / जलायै² jalā́yāḥ / jalā́yai² |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलाभ्यः jalā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | जलायाः / जलायै² jalā́yāḥ / jalā́yai² |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलानाम् jalā́nām |
Locative | जलायाम् jalā́yām |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलासु jalā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of जल (jalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | जलम् jalám |
जले jalé |
जलानि / जला¹ jalā́ni / jalā́¹ |
Vocative | जल jála |
जले jále |
जलानि / जला¹ jálāni / jálā¹ |
Accusative | जलम् jalám |
जले jalé |
जलानि / जला¹ jalā́ni / jalā́¹ |
Instrumental | जलेन jaléna |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलैः / जलेभिः¹ jalaíḥ / jalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | जलाय jalā́ya |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | जलात् jalā́t |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | जलस्य jalásya |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलानाम् jalā́nām |
Locative | जले jalé |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलेषु jaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
[edit]जल • (jalá) stem, m
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of जल (jalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | जलः jaláḥ |
जलौ / जला¹ jalaú / jalā́¹ |
जलाः / जलासः¹ jalā́ḥ / jalā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | जल jála |
जलौ / जला¹ jálau / jálā¹ |
जलाः / जलासः¹ jálāḥ / jálāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | जलम् jalám |
जलौ / जला¹ jalaú / jalā́¹ |
जलान् jalā́n |
Instrumental | जलेन jaléna |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलैः / जलेभिः¹ jalaíḥ / jalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | जलाय jalā́ya |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | जलात् jalā́t |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | जलस्य jalásya |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलानाम् jalā́nām |
Locative | जले jalé |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलेषु jaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Etymology 2
[edit]Of unclear origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelHo-, from *gʷel- (“to dribble; gush forth; spring; squirt; throw”), and thus cognate with गल् (gal, “to drip”) and German quellen (“(of water) to well, issue forth”). A local substrate origin is possible, though highly unlikely due to the word being attested in Vedic texts. Related to Vedic Sanskrit जलाष (jalāṣa), of uncertain meaning; not related to Latin gelū (“frost”).
Noun
[edit]जल • (jalá) stem, n
- water
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of जल (jalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | जलम् jalám |
जले jalé |
जलानि / जला¹ jalā́ni / jalā́¹ |
Vocative | जल jála |
जले jále |
जलानि / जला¹ jálāni / jálā¹ |
Accusative | जलम् jalám |
जले jalé |
जलानि / जला¹ jalā́ni / jalā́¹ |
Instrumental | जलेन jaléna |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलैः / जलेभिः¹ jalaíḥ / jalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | जलाय jalā́ya |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | जलात् jalā́t |
जलाभ्याम् jalā́bhyām |
जलेभ्यः jalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | जलस्य jalásya |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलानाम् jalā́nām |
Locative | जले jalé |
जलयोः jaláyoḥ |
जलेषु jaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- पानीय (pānīya)
Descendants
[edit]- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀮 (jala)
- Pali: jala
- → Kannada: ಜಲ (jala)
- → Malayalam: ജലം (jalaṁ)
- → Tamil: ஜலம் (jalam)
- → Telugu: జలము (jalamu)
- → Sinhalese: ජලය (jalaya)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “जल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 414/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “jarbhárī - jálāṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 579
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) “jartaḥ — jalūkā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 423
- Bhojpuri terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Bhojpuri learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Bhojpuri terms derived from Sanskrit
- Bhojpuri lemmas
- Bhojpuri nouns
- Bhojpuri masculine nouns
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hindi/əl
- Rhymes:Hindi/əl/1 syllable
- Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Hindi non-lemma forms
- Hindi verb forms
- hi:Liquids
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
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- Marathi nouns
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- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
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- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- ne:Liquids
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
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- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Water