-isa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "isa"

Finnish

Etymology

From . Related to Estonian -s (such as in jõudus (gen. jõudusa) ~ joutuisa), Ingrian -isa, Votic -sa.

Suffix

-isa (front vowel harmony variant -isä, linguistic notation -isA)

1. A suffix for making adjectives from some nouns and verbs.

   kaiku (“echo”) + -isa -> kaikuisa (“reverberant”)

   myrsky (“storm”) + -isa -> myrskyisä (“stormy”)

Declension

Inflection of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-isa	-isat
genitive		-isan	-isien
partitive		-isaa	-isia
illative		-isaan	-isiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-isa	-isat
accusative	nom.	-isa	-isat
	gen.	-isan
genitive		-isan	-isien -isainrare
partitive		-isaa	-isia
inessive		-isassa	-isissa
elative		-isasta	-isista
illative		-isaan	-isiin
adessive		-isalla	-isilla
ablative		-isalta	-isilta
allative		-isalle	-isille
essive		-isana	-isina
translative		-isaksi	-isiksi
abessive		-isatta	-isitta
instructive		—	-isin
comitative		—	-isine

Possessive forms of -isa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isani -isani accusative nom. -isani -isani gen. -isani genitive -isani -isieni -isainirare partitive -isaani -isiani inessive -isassani -isissani elative -isastani -isistani illative -isaani -isiini adessive -isallani -isillani ablative -isaltani -isiltani allative -isalleni -isilleni essive -isanani -isinani translative -isakseni -isikseni abessive -isattani -isittani instructive — — comitative — -isineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -isasi -isasi accusative nom. -isasi -isasi gen. -isasi genitive -isasi -isiesi -isaisirare partitive -isaasi -isiasi inessive -isassasi -isissasi elative -isastasi -isistasi illative -isaasi -isiisi adessive -isallasi -isillasi ablative -isaltasi -isiltasi allative -isallesi -isillesi essive -isanasi -isinasi translative -isaksesi -isiksesi abessive -isattasi -isittasi instructive — — comitative — -isinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isamme -isamme accusative nom. -isamme -isamme gen. -isamme genitive -isamme -isiemme -isaimmerare partitive -isaamme -isiamme inessive -isassamme -isissamme elative -isastamme -isistamme illative -isaamme -isiimme adessive -isallamme -isillamme ablative -isaltamme -isiltamme allative -isallemme -isillemme essive -isanamme -isinamme translative -isaksemme -isiksemme abessive -isattamme -isittamme instructive — — comitative — -isinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -isanne -isanne accusative nom. -isanne -isanne gen. -isanne genitive -isanne -isienne -isainnerare partitive -isaanne -isianne inessive -isassanne -isissanne elative -isastanne -isistanne illative -isaanne -isiinne adessive -isallanne -isillanne ablative -isaltanne -isiltanne allative -isallenne -isillenne essive -isananne -isinanne translative -isaksenne -isiksenne abessive -isattanne -isittanne instructive — — comitative — -isinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -isansa -isansa accusative nom. -isansa -isansa gen. -isansa genitive -isansa -isiensa -isainsarare partitive -isaansa -isiaan -isiansa inessive -isassaan -isassansa -isissaan -isissansa elative -isastaan -isastansa -isistaan -isistansa illative -isaansa -isiinsa adessive -isallaan -isallansa -isillaan -isillansa ablative -isaltaan -isaltansa -isiltaan -isiltansa allative -isalleen -isallensa -isilleen -isillensa essive -isanaan -isanansa -isinaan -isinansa translative -isakseen -isaksensa -isikseen -isiksensa abessive -isattaan -isattansa -isittaan -isittansa instructive — — comitative — -isineen -isinensa

Synonyms

• -kas

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -isa

Anagrams

• -ias, ais, sai

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Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-isa, from Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Usage notes

The variant form -îsa is used with stems containing superclose vowels.

Derived terms

Phuthi terms suffixed with -isa

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Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-isa, from Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Southern Ndebele terms suffixed with -isa

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Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-isa, from Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Swazi terms suffixed with -isa

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Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-isa, from Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Xhosa terms suffixed with -isa

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Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-isa, from Proto-Bantu *-ícia.

Suffix

-isa

1. Forms causative verbs.

Derived terms

Zulu terms suffixed with -isa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-isa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-isa”