-sto

See also: sto, stó, stò, što, -stö, and 'sto

Finnish

Etymology

From earlier *-s-ta-i, from -s + -ta (like in -usta) + -i, all noun-forming suffixes.

Suffix

-sto (front vowel harmony variant -stö, linguistic notation -stO)

1. Forms collective nouns from nouns indicating individual things.

   ‎kirja (“book”) + ‎-sto → ‎kirjasto (“library”)

   ‎laiva (“ship”) + ‎-sto → ‎laivasto (“fleet”)

   ‎puu (“tree”) + ‎-sto → ‎puisto (“park”)

   ‎oppi (“education, doctrine”) + ‎-sto → ‎opisto (“academy, institute”)

Declension

• The most common genitive and partitive plural forms for -sto nouns are -stojen and -stoja, which correspond to declension type 1 (valo). Kielitoimiston sanakirja classifies many but not all three-syllable words with this suffix as type 2 (palvelu) despite the fact that the forms ending in -stoiden/-stoitten and -stoita are rarely used in practice.

Inflection of -sto (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		-sto	-stot
genitive		-ston	-stojen
partitive		-stoa	-stoja
illative		-stoon	-stoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-sto	-stot
accusative	nom.	-sto	-stot
	gen.	-ston
genitive		-ston	-stojen
partitive		-stoa	-stoja
inessive		-stossa	-stoissa
elative		-stosta	-stoista
illative		-stoon	-stoihin
adessive		-stolla	-stoilla
ablative		-stolta	-stoilta
allative		-stolle	-stoille
essive		-stona	-stoina
translative		-stoksi	-stoiksi
abessive		-stotta	-stoitta
instructive		—	-stoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -sto (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -stoni -stoni accusative nom. -stoni -stoni gen. -stoni genitive -stoni -stojeni partitive -stoani -stojani inessive -stossani -stoissani elative -stostani -stoistani illative -stooni -stoihini adessive -stollani -stoillani ablative -stoltani -stoiltani allative -stolleni -stoilleni essive -stonani -stoinani translative -stokseni -stoikseni abessive -stottani -stoittani instructive — — comitative — -stoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -stosi -stosi accusative nom. -stosi -stosi gen. -stosi genitive -stosi -stojesi partitive -stoasi -stojasi inessive -stossasi -stoissasi elative -stostasi -stoistasi illative -stoosi -stoihisi adessive -stollasi -stoillasi ablative -stoltasi -stoiltasi allative -stollesi -stoillesi essive -stonasi -stoinasi translative -stoksesi -stoiksesi abessive -stottasi -stoittasi instructive — — comitative — -stoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -stomme -stomme accusative nom. -stomme -stomme gen. -stomme genitive -stomme -stojemme partitive -stoamme -stojamme inessive -stossamme -stoissamme elative -stostamme -stoistamme illative -stoomme -stoihimme adessive -stollamme -stoillamme ablative -stoltamme -stoiltamme allative -stollemme -stoillemme essive -stonamme -stoinamme translative -stoksemme -stoiksemme abessive -stottamme -stoittamme instructive — — comitative — -stoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -stonne -stonne accusative nom. -stonne -stonne gen. -stonne genitive -stonne -stojenne partitive -stoanne -stojanne inessive -stossanne -stoissanne elative -stostanne -stoistanne illative -stoonne -stoihinne adessive -stollanne -stoillanne ablative -stoltanne -stoiltanne allative -stollenne -stoillenne essive -stonanne -stoinanne translative -stoksenne -stoiksenne abessive -stottanne -stoittanne instructive — — comitative — -stoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -stonsa -stonsa accusative nom. -stonsa -stonsa gen. -stonsa genitive -stonsa -stojensa partitive -stoaan -stoansa -stojaan -stojansa inessive -stossaan -stossansa -stoissaan -stoissansa elative -stostaan -stostansa -stoistaan -stoistansa illative -stoonsa -stoihinsa adessive -stollaan -stollansa -stoillaan -stoillansa ablative -stoltaan -stoltansa -stoiltaan -stoiltansa allative -stolleen -stollensa -stoilleen -stoillensa essive -stonaan -stonansa -stoinaan -stoinansa translative -stokseen -stoksensa -stoikseen -stoiksensa abessive -stottaan -stottansa -stoittaan -stoittansa instructive — — comitative — -stoineen -stoinensa

Inflection of -sto (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
nominative		-sto	-stot
genitive		-ston	-stojen -stoiden -stoitten
partitive		-stoa	-stoja -stoita
illative		-stoon	-stoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-sto	-stot
accusative	nom.	-sto	-stot
	gen.	-ston
genitive		-ston	-stojen -stoiden -stoitten
partitive		-stoa	-stoja -stoita
inessive		-stossa	-stoissa
elative		-stosta	-stoista
illative		-stoon	-stoihin
adessive		-stolla	-stoilla
ablative		-stolta	-stoilta
allative		-stolle	-stoille
essive		-stona	-stoina
translative		-stoksi	-stoiksi
abessive		-stotta	-stoitta
instructive		—	-stoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -sto (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -stoni -stoni accusative nom. -stoni -stoni gen. -stoni genitive -stoni -stojeni -stoideni -stoitteni partitive -stoani -stojani -stoitani inessive -stossani -stoissani elative -stostani -stoistani illative -stooni -stoihini adessive -stollani -stoillani ablative -stoltani -stoiltani allative -stolleni -stoilleni essive -stonani -stoinani translative -stokseni -stoikseni abessive -stottani -stoittani instructive — — comitative — -stoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -stosi -stosi accusative nom. -stosi -stosi gen. -stosi genitive -stosi -stojesi -stoidesi -stoittesi partitive -stoasi -stojasi -stoitasi inessive -stossasi -stoissasi elative -stostasi -stoistasi illative -stoosi -stoihisi adessive -stollasi -stoillasi ablative -stoltasi -stoiltasi allative -stollesi -stoillesi essive -stonasi -stoinasi translative -stoksesi -stoiksesi abessive -stottasi -stoittasi instructive — — comitative — -stoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -stomme -stomme accusative nom. -stomme -stomme gen. -stomme genitive -stomme -stojemme -stoidemme -stoittemme partitive -stoamme -stojamme -stoitamme inessive -stossamme -stoissamme elative -stostamme -stoistamme illative -stoomme -stoihimme adessive -stollamme -stoillamme ablative -stoltamme -stoiltamme allative -stollemme -stoillemme essive -stonamme -stoinamme translative -stoksemme -stoiksemme abessive -stottamme -stoittamme instructive — — comitative — -stoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -stonne -stonne accusative nom. -stonne -stonne gen. -stonne genitive -stonne -stojenne -stoidenne -stoittenne partitive -stoanne -stojanne -stoitanne inessive -stossanne -stoissanne elative -stostanne -stoistanne illative -stoonne -stoihinne adessive -stollanne -stoillanne ablative -stoltanne -stoiltanne allative -stollenne -stoillenne essive -stonanne -stoinanne translative -stoksenne -stoiksenne abessive -stottanne -stoittanne instructive — — comitative — -stoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -stonsa -stonsa accusative nom. -stonsa -stonsa gen. -stonsa genitive -stonsa -stojensa -stoidensa -stoittensa partitive -stoaan -stoansa -stojaan -stoitaan -stojansa -stoitansa inessive -stossaan -stossansa -stoissaan -stoissansa elative -stostaan -stostansa -stoistaan -stoistansa illative -stoonsa -stoihinsa adessive -stollaan -stollansa -stoillaan -stoillansa ablative -stoltaan -stoltansa -stoiltaan -stoiltansa allative -stolleen -stollensa -stoilleen -stoillensa essive -stonaan -stonansa -stoinaan -stoinansa translative -stokseen -stoksensa -stoikseen -stoiksensa abessive -stottaan -stottansa -stoittaan -stoittansa instructive — — comitative — -stoineen -stoinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -sto

Ingrian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish -sto.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-sto/, [-s̠to̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-sto/, [-ʃto̞]

Suffix

-sto (front vowel variant -stö)

1. Used to form collective nouns.

   ‎noori (“young”) + ‎-sto → ‎nooristo (“youth”)

Declension

Declension of -sto (type 4/koivu, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-sto	-ssot
genitive	-sson	-stoin, -stoloin
partitive	-stoa	-stoja, -stoloja
illative	-stoo	-stoi, -stoloihe
inessive	-ssos	-ssois, -stolois
elative	-ssost	-ssoist, -stoloist
allative	-ssolle	-ssoille, -stoloille
adessive	-ssol	-ssoil, -stoloil
ablative	-ssolt	-ssoilt, -stoloilt
translative	-ssoks	-ssoiks, -stoloiks
essive	-stonna, -stoon	-stoinna, -stoloinna, -stoin, -stoloin
exessive1)	-stont	-stoint, -stoloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -sto