-tu

See also: tu, tú, and þú

Basque

Alternative forms

• (after -l- and -n-) -du

Suffix

-tu

1. The most common verb-forming suffix.

   ‎euskara (“Basque”) + ‎-tu → ‎euskaratu (“to translate into Basque”)

   ‎garbi (“clean”) + ‎-tu → ‎garbitu (“to clean”)

   ‎ohera (“to, towards bed”) + ‎-tu → ‎oheratu (“to go to bed”)

See also

Basque terms suffixed with -tu

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Estonian

Etymology

From . Cognate with Finnish -ton/-tön.

Suffix

-tu (genitive -tu, partitive -tut, comparative -tum, superlative kõige -tum)

1. -less

Inflection

Declension of -tu (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-tu	-tud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-tu
genitive			-tute
partitive		-tut	-tuid
illative		-tusse	-tutesse -tuisse
inessive		-tus	-tutes -tuis
elative		-tust	-tutest -tuist
allative		-tule	-tutele -tuile
adessive		-tul	-tutel -tuil
ablative		-tult	-tutelt -tuilt
translative		-tuks	-tuteks -tuiks
terminative		-tuni	-tuteni
essive		-tuna	-tutena
abessive		-tuta	-tuteta
comitative		-tuga	-tutega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -tu

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Finnish

Suffix

-tu (front vowel harmony variant -ty, linguistic notation -tU)

1. Alternative form of -ttu

Anagrams

• -ut

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Garifuna

Suffix

-tu

1. nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of feminine gender (see -ti for masculine).

   Abuwagu ― to cook

   Abuwagutu ― chef (female)

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Latin

Suffix

1. ablative singular of -tus

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Old Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps cognate with Latin -tūs?”)

Suffix

-tu m

1. -ness, -ity

Inflection

Masculine t-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Old Irish terms suffixed with -tu

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Old Norse

Alternative forms

• þú
• -du, -ðu

Pronoun

-tu (enclitic)

1. enclitic form of þú
   • Haralds saga hins hárfagra 41.

     Nú tóktu svá við sem várr konungr vildi.

   • Lokasenna 24.

     En þik síða kóðu / Samseyju í / ok draptu á vétt sem vǫlur / vitka líki / fórtu verþjóð yfir / ok hugða ek þat args aðal

   ‎skalt (“shalt”) + ‎þú → ‎skaltu (“shalt thou”)

   ‎lát (“let (impr.)”) + ‎þú → ‎láttu (“let (impr.)”)

Usage notes

For reasons related to syntax, as well as Old Norse often explicitly stating the subject of verbs in the imperative, the verb is often followed by the subject pronoun. For þú, this is when it may take on an enclitic form. This is not to say, however, that whenever þú comes after a verb, it will always take an enclitic form. It could well stay separate for the sake of emphasis.

Which one of the variants -du, -ðu and -tu to use, is decided by the same rules that decide which dental suffix to take in the type 1 weak verbs. This form is used after hard consonants.

Descendants

This feature is also present in modern Icelandic verb conjugation, with its imperative forms with appended personal pronouns (though only in the second person).

See also

• -k