Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱel-

1. to cover

Derived terms

• *ḱél-e-ti (thematic root present)
• *ḱl̥-ye- (ye-present)
  • Germanic: *huljaną (see there for further descendants)
• *ḱel-mos
  • Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”) (see there for further descendants)
• *ḱel-nó- ~ *ḱol-nó-
  • Germanic: *hallō (“hall”)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: cella
• *ḱēl-is
  • Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”) (see there for further descendants)
• *ḱél-ōs ~ *ḱél-es-
  • Germanic: *hulisō
    • Old Dutch: *hulisa
      • Middle Dutch: *hulse
        • Dutch: huls
    • Old High German: hulisa
      • German: Hülse
  • Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)
    • Old Latin: colos
      • Latin: color
• *ḱel-yo-
  • Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”)
  • Italic: *keljom
    • Latin: cilium (“eyelid”)
• *ḱl-eh₂-
  • Italic: *klām
    • Latin: clam (“secretly”)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Old Prussian: kelmis
    • Lithuanian: šálmas
  • Celtic:
    • Old Irish: fuil
      • Middle Irish: fuil
        • Irish: fuil
  • Germanic: (possibly) *hallō (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō), Καλυψώ (Kalupsṓ)
      • Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto), κέλυφος (kélyfos)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇa)
      • Hindi: शरण (śaraṇ)
      • Urdu: شرن (śaran)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: cālīgō
    • Latin: cēlo

Root

*ḱel-

1. to incline

Extensions

• *ḱlew- (“to hear”)
• *ḱley- (“to incline”)

Derived terms

• Unsorted formations:
  • Germanic: *hulþaz
  • Italic:
    • Latin: auscultō