надо

See also: надо-

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnadə]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -adə
• IPA: ['na:] (fast or careless speech)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic надъ (nadŭ), надо (nado), from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Preposition

на́до • (nádo) (+ instrumental case)

1. (variant of над (nad) before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн-) above, over

   на́до мной ― nádo mnoj ― above me

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic надо (nado), надобѣ (nadobě), from dative/locative singular of надоба (nadoba), from Proto-Slavic *nadoba, from *na- +‎ *doba.

Predicative

на́до • (nádo)

1. (one) must, (it is) necessary
2. one needs, one wants, one has to

   Мне на́до уйти́. ― Mne nádo ujtí. ― I have to leave.

   Так ему́ и на́до! ― Tak jemú i nádo! ― He deserves it!

   на́до бы ― nádo by ― (one) ought to

Usage notes

The word combination, не на́до, is used in combination with imperfective infinitive verbs. For example,

Не на́до печа́литься. ― Ne nádo pečálitʹsja. ― There is no need to be sad.

Не на́до держа́ть отве́т. ― Ne nádo deržátʹ otvét. ― There is no need to answer.

Не на́до бы́ло пуга́ть бе́лок. ― Ne nádo býlo pugátʹ bélok. ― There was no need to scare the squirrels.

Не на́до is translated as "can't", "mustn't", "needn't", or "don't" (negative imperative).

Descendants

• → Southern Yukaghir: надо (nado)
• → Yakut: наада (naada)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “над”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “надо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*nadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 15

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Southern Yukaghir

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian на́до (nádo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnado/

Predicative

надо (nado)

1. it is necessary that

References

• Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26

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Tundra Nenets

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *nataw.

Noun

надо • (nado)

1. brother-in-law
2. cousin