Appendix:Gothic correlatives
Appearance
| type | interrogative | indefiniteβ | negative | collective | (medial) demonstrative |
emphatic demonstrative |
distal demonstrative |
relative | general indefinite |
identity | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | ππ°π (Ζas, βwho? what? which?β) | ππ°ππ·πΏπ½ (Ζashun, βsomeone, somebody, somethingβ), πΌπ°π½π½π°π·πΏπ½ (mannahun), π°πΉπ½ππ·πΏπ½ (ainshun) |
π½πΉ ππ°ππ·πΏπ½ (ni Ζashun, βno oneβ), π½πΉ π π°πΉπ·ππ (ni waΓhts, βnothingβ), π½πΉ π π°πΉπ·π (ni waΓht), π½πΉ πΌπ°π½π½π°π·πΏπ½ (ni mannahun), π½πΉ π°πΉπ½ππ·πΏπ½ (ni ainshun) |
ππ°πΆπΏπ· (Ζazuh, βeach, everyβ), π°π»π»π (alls, βall, everyβ) |
ππ° (sa, βthis, that; theβ), β‘*π·πΉπ (*his, βthisβ) |
ππ°π· (sah, βthat in particularβ) | πΎπ°πΉπ½π (jains, βthat yonder; yonβ) | ππ°π΄πΉ (saei, βwho, whichβ), πΉπΆπ΄πΉ (izei), π΄πΉ (ei, βthat, whichβ) |
ππ°πΆπΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (Ζazuh saei, βwhosoever, whatsoeverβ), ππ°ππ°πΆπΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (saΖazuh saei), ππ°ππ°πΆπΏπ· πΉπΆπ΄πΉ (saΖazuh izei), πΈπΉπππ°πΆπΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (ΓΎisΖazuh saei) |
ππ°πΌπ° (sama, βthe sameβ) | π°π½πΈπ°π (anΓΎar, βother, another; secondβ) |
| dual | ππ°πΈπ°π (ΖaΓΎar, βwhich of two?β) | *ππ°πΈπ°ππ·πΏπ½ (*ΖaΓΎarhun, βeither of twoβ) | *π½πΉ ππ°πΈπ°ππ·πΏπ½ (*ni ΖaΓΎarhun, βneither of twoβ) | ππ°πΈπ°ππΏπ· (ΖaΓΎaruh, βeach of twoβ), π±π°πΉ (bai, βbothβ), π±π°πΎππΈπ (bajΕΓΎs) |
ππ°πΈπ°ππΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (ΖaΓΎaruh saei, βwhichever of twoβ) | ||||||
| plural | ππ°ππΎπΉπ (Ζarjis, βwhich of many?β) | *ππ°ππΎπΉππ·πΏπ½ (*Ζarjishun, βeither of manyβ) | *π½πΉ ππ°ππΎπΉππ·πΏπ½ (*ni Ζarjishun, βneither of manyβ) | ππ°ππΎπΉπΆπΏπ· (Ζarjizuh, βeach of many; everyβ), π°πΉπ½ππ°ππΎπΉπΆπΏπ· (ainΖarjizuh, βeach of many; everyβ) |
ππ°ππΎπΉπΆπΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (Ζarjizuh saei, βwhichever of manyβ) | ||||||
| quality | ππΉπ»π΄πΉπΊπ (Ζileiks, βwhat kind? which?β) | ππ π°π»π΄πΉπΊπ (swaleiks, βsuch, this kind ofβ) | ππ π°π»π΄πΉπΊπ ππ π΄ (swaleiks swΔ, βwhich kind; such asβ) | *ππΉπ»π΄πΉπΊππΏπ· ππ°π΄πΉ (*Ζileiksuh saei, βwhichever kindβ) | |||||||
| quantity | ππ°π½ ππΉπ»πΏ (Ζan filu, βhow much? how many?β) | ππ π° ππΉπ»πΏ (swa filu, βso much, as muchβ) | ππ π° ππΉπ»πΏ ππ π΄ (swa filu swΔ, βhow much, as much asβ) | ππ°π½ ππΉπ»πΏ (Ζan filu, βhowever much, however manyβ) | |||||||
| size | ππ΄π»π°πΏπΈπ (ΖΔlauΓΎs, βhow great? how big?β) | ππ π°π»π°πΏπΈπ (swalauΓΎs, βso great, as greatβ) | ππ π°π»π°πΏπΈπ ππ π΄ (swalauΓΎs swΔ, βhow great, as great asβ) | ππ΄π»π°πΏπΈπ (ΖΔlauΓΎs, βhowever much, however manyβ) | |||||||
| manner | ππ°πΉπ
π° (Ζaiwa, βhow?β), ππ΄ (ΖΔ), ππ° (Ζa, βwhy?β), πΏπ½ππ΄ (untΔ), π³πΏππ΄ (duΖΔ) |
π½πΉ π°π»π»πΉπ (ni allis, βnot at all, by no meansβ) | πΉπ½ π°π»π»π°πΌπΌπ° (in allamma, βby all means, in every wayβ) | ππ
π° (swa, βso, thus, this way, alikeβ), πΈπ°π½π½πΏ (ΓΎannu) |
π΄πΉ (ei, βhow, thatβ), ππ π°π΄πΉ (swaei, βso, whereforeβ), ππ π΄ (swΔ, βhow, as, likeβ), ππ π°ππ π΄ (swaswΔ, βjust as; as, likeβ) |
ππ°πΉπ
π° (Ζaiwa, βsomehow, howβ), ππ΄ (ΖΔ) |
ππ°πΌπ°π»π΄πΉπΊπ (samaleikΕ, βlikewise, in the same wayβ), ππ π° (swa) |
π°π»πΎπ°π»π΄πΉπΊππ (aljaleikΕs, βotherwise, in another wayβ), πΉπ±π°πΉ (ibai, βlest, otherwiseβ), π°πΉπΈπΈπ°πΏ (aiΓΎΓΎau) | |||
| place | ππ°π (Ζar, βwhere?β) | π½πΉ ππ°π (ni Ζar, βnowhereβ) | πΉπ½ π°π»π»π°πΉπΌ (in allaim, βeverywhereβ), πΉπ½ π°π»π»π°πΉπΌ πππ°π³πΉπΌ (in allaim stadim) |
π·π΄π (hΔr, βhereβ) | πΈπ°π (ΓΎar, βthereβ) | πΎπ°πΉπ½π°π (jainar, βover there; yonderβ) | πΈπ°ππ΄πΉ (ΓΎarei, βwhere, whereverβ) | *ππ°πΌπ°π (*samar, βthe same placeβ) | *π°π»πΎπ°π (*aljar, βelsewhereβ) | ||
| source | ππ°πΈππ (ΖaΓΎrΕ, βfrom where? whence?β) | π½πΉ ππ°πΈππ (ni ΖaΓΎrΕ, βnowhenceβ) | π°π»π»π°πΈππ (allaΓΎrΕ, βfrom everywhere; everywhenceβ), πΏπ π°π»π»π°πΉπΌ (us allaim), πΏπ π°π»π»π°πΉπΌ πππ°π³πΉπΌ (us allaim stadim) |
πΈπ°πΈππ (ΓΎaΓΎrΕ, βfrom here; hence; from there; thenceβ) | πΎπ°πΉπ½πΈππ (jainΓΎrΕ, βfrom over there; thenceβ) | ππ°πΈππ (ΖaΓΎrΕ, βfrom where, whereverβ) | π°π»πΎπ°πΈππ (aljaΓΎrΕ, βfrom elsewhere; elsewhenceβ) | ||||
| destination | ππ°πΈ (ΖaΓΎ, βto where? whither?β) | π½πΉ ππ°πΈ (ni ΖaΓΎ, βnowhitherβ) | π°π½π³ π°π»π»π°π½π (and allans, βto everywhere; everywhitherβ), π°π½π³ π°π»π»π°π½π πππ°π³πΉπ½π (and allans stadins) |
π·πΉπ³ππ΄ (hidrΔ, βto here; hitherβ) | *πΈπΉπ³ππ΄ (*ΓΎidrΔ, βto there; thitherβ) | πΎπ°πΉπ½π³ (jaind, βto over there; yonderβ) | ππ°πΈ (ΖaΓΎ, βto whereverβ) | ππ°πΌπ°πΈ (samaΓΎ, βto the same placeβ) | π°π»πΎπ°πΈ (aljaΓΎ, βto elsewhere; elsewhitherβ) | ||
| time | ππ°π½ (Ζan, βwhen?β) | *ππ°πΈπ·πΏπ½ (*ΖaΓΎhun, βsome timeβ) | π½πΉ πΈπ°πΏ (ni ΓΎau, βneverβ), π½πΉ *ππ°πΈπ·πΏπ½ (ni *ΖaΓΎhun), π½πΉ π°πΉπ (ni aiw) |
ππΉπ½ππ΄πΉπ½π (sinteinΕ, βalwaysβ), πππ°πΌπ πΉπ²πΉπ (framwigis) |
π½πΏ (nu, βnow, at this timeβ) | πΈπ°π½ (ΓΎan, βthen, at that timeβ) | ππ°π½ (Ζan, βwhen, wheneverβ) | ππ°πΌπ°π½π° (samana, βat the same time; simultaneouslyβ), ππΏπ½π (suns, βall at onceβ) |
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| β Unattested on its own; general indefinite replaces its usages as well as any relative usage. β‘ Generally unattested except in a few frozen phrases and expressions. | |||||||||||