Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hauzijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ows- (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hauzijaną

1. to hear

Inflection

Conjugation of *hauzijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hauzijō	*hauzijaų	—	*hauzijai	?
2nd singular	*hauzīsi	*hauzijais	*hauzī	*hauzijasai	*hauzijaisau
3rd singular	*hauzīþi	*hauzijai	*hauzijaþau	*hauzijaþai	*hauzijaiþau
1st dual	*hauzijōs	*hauzijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hauzijaþiz	*hauzijaiþiz	*hauzijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hauzijamaz	*hauzijaim	—	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau
2nd plural	*hauzīþ	*hauzijaiþ	*hauzīþ	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau
3rd plural	*hauzijanþi	*hauzijain	*hauzijanþau	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hauzidǭ	*hauzidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hauzidēz	*hauzidēdīz
3rd singular	*hauzidē	*hauzidēdī
1st dual	*hauzidēdū	*hauzidēdīw
2nd dual	*hauzidēdudiz	*hauzidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hauzidēdum	*hauzidēdīm
2nd plural	*hauzidēdud	*hauzidēdīd
3rd plural	*hauzidēdun	*hauzidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hauzijandz	*hauzidaz

Derived terms

• *gahauzijaną
• *hauzikōną
• *hauzīniz

 

• *hauzakōną (with intensive -k-)
  • Old English: *hercian
    • Middle English: herken
      • English: heark, hark
      • Scots: herk, hark
    • ⇒ Old English: hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian (suffixed)
      • Middle English: herknen
        • English: hearken, harken
        • Scots: herkin, hearken, harkin
  • Old Frisian: hērkia, harkia
    • North Frisian: harke
    • West Frisian: harkje
  • Old Saxon: *hōrkian, *hōrkōn
    • Middle Low German: horken
  • Old Dutch: *hōrken, *hōrkon
    • Middle Dutch: horken, harken
  • Old High German: *hōrahhōn, hōrechen
    • Middle High German: horchen, hōrchen
      • German: horchen

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hauʀijan
  • Old English: hīeran, hȳran, hēran
    • Middle English: heren
      • English: hear
      • Scots: her, hear
      • Yola: hert (preterite)
  • Old Frisian: hēra, heera
    • Saterland Frisian: here
    • West Frisian: hearre
  • Old Saxon: hōrian
    • Middle Low German: hōren
      • Low German: hören, höörn
      • Plautdietsch: hieren
  • Old Dutch: *hōren
    • Middle Dutch: hôren
      • Dutch: horen
        • Afrikaans: hoor
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: horo
        • Jersey Dutch: hôre
        • Negerhollands: hoor
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: hoor (dated)
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: hoar
      • Limburgish: huuere, heure
  • Old High German: hōren
    • Middle High German: hœren
      • Bavarian: hearn
      • Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn (Luserna)
      • Central Franconian: hüre, hiere (Moselle Franconian)

        Hunsrik: heere

        Luxembourgish: héieren

      • German: hören
      • Vilamovian: hüchia
      • Yiddish: הערן (hern)
• Old Norse: heyra
  • Icelandic: heyra
  • Faroese: hoyra
  • Norn: høra
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: høyra; (dialectal) haura
  • Elfdalian: ära
  • Old Swedish: hø̄ra
    • Swedish: höra
  • Scanian: høra
  • Old Danish: hø̄ræ
    • Danish: høre
      • Norwegian Bokmål: høre
  • Old Gutnish: hoyra
    • Gutnish: håire
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hausjan)

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN