Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

On PIE morpheme structure *kʷetwor- has too many consonants to be a true primitive morpheme, and the feminine stem might simply be proof of one elemental "four" in **kʷet- or **kʷetu-.

Numeral

cardinal number

4	Previous:	*tréyes
	Next:	*pénkʷe

*kʷetwóres, combining form *kʷ(e)twr̥- (before cons.), *kʷ(e)tur- (before vow.), *kʷtru- (with metathesis)

1. four

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*kʷetwóres	*kʷétesres
genitive	*kʷeturóHom	*kʷetesróHom
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*kʷetwóres
vocative	—	—	*kʷetwóres
accusative	—	—	*kʷetwórm̥s
genitive	—	—	*kʷeturóHom
ablative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mós
dative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mós
locative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥sú
instrumental	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*kʷétesres
vocative	—	—	*kʷétesres
accusative	—	—	*kʷétesrm̥s
genitive	—	—	*kʷetesróHom
ablative	—	—	*kʷetesr̥mós
dative	—	—	*kʷetesr̥mós
locative	—	—	*kʷetesr̥sú
instrumental	—	—	*kʷetesr̥mís
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	—	*kʷetwṓr
vocative	—	—	*kʷetwṓr
accusative	—	—	*kʷetwṓr
genitive	—	—	*kʷeturóHom
ablative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mós
dative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mós
locative	—	—	*kʷetwr̥sú
instrumental	—	—	*kʷetwr̥mís

Derived terms

• *kʷetwr̥- (compounds)

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *kátur
  • Albanian: katër
• Proto-Anatolian: *gʷetʷóres
  • Lycian: [script needed] (teteri)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: չորք (čʻorkʻ)
    • Armenian: չորս (čʻors)
• Proto-Armenian: [Term?], *kʷtwr̥- (zero-derivation)
  • Old Armenian: քառ (kʻaṙ)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ketures
  • Latvian: četri
  • Lithuanian: keturi
  • Old Prussian: keturjāi
  • Sudovian: tetur
  • Proto-Slavic: *četyre (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *kʷetwares (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *fedwōr (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *kʷétwores (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwā́ras (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *kʷettwōr (see there for further descendants)
• Lusitanian: petranioi
• Phrygian: διθυρ- (ditʰur-), θιδρα- (tʰidra-)
• Thracian: ketri-
• Proto-Tocharian: *ś(ä)twer
  • Tocharian A: śtwar
  • Tocharian B: śtwer