Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/oḱtṓw

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Formally the dual of a stem *(H)oḱto- (“four fingers”). This erstwhile singular seems to appear in Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬌 (ašti-, “breadth of four fingers”).

Numeral

cardinal number

8	Previous:	*septḿ̥
	Next:	*h₁néwn̥

*oḱtṓw or *h₁oḱtṓw

1. eight

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *aktṓ
  • Albanian: tetë
• Anatolian:
  • Lycian: 𐊀𐊆𐊗𐊙𐊗𐊀 (aitãta)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ութ (utʻ)
    • Armenian: ութ (utʻ)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aśtō
  • Latvian: astoņi
  • Lithuanian: aštuoni
  • Latgalian: ostoni
  • Proto-Slavic: *osmь (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *oxtū (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *ahtōu (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *oktṓ
  • Ancient Greek: ὀκτώ (oktṓ)
    • Greek: οκτώ (októ)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *aštā́
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aṣṭā́
    • Sanskrit: अष्ट (aṣṭá) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *aštā́
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (ašta)
    • Bactrian: αταο (atao)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] əšt(a)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾšt /⁠āšt⁠/)
    • Baluchi: hašt
    • Zazaki: heşt
    • Ossetian: аст (ast)
    • Pashto: اته (atə)
    • Parachi: ōšt
    • Parthian: 𐭇𐭔𐭕 (hašt)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭱𐭲 (hašt)
      • Persian: هشت (hašt)
      • Tajik: ҳашт (hašt)
    • Shughni: в̌āх̌т (wāx̌t)
    • Yaghnobi: ашт (ašt)
• Proto-Italic: *oktō
  • Latin: octō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *óktä
  • Tocharian A: okät
  • Tocharian B: okt
• → Kartvelian: *otxo-
  • Georgian-Zan:
    • Laz: ოთხო (otxo)
    • Mingrelian: ოთხი (otxi)
    • Old Georgian: ოთხი (otxi)
      • Georgian: ოთხი (otxi)
  • Svan: უ̂ოშთხუ̂ (ûoštxû)