Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/baqəʀu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baqəʀu/

Adjective

*baqəʀu

1. new (recently made or created)

Descendants

• Proto-Philippine: *baqRu
  • Batanic
    • Yami: vayo
    • Ivatan: vayu
    • Ibatan: bayo
  • Northern Luzon
    • Arta: búru
    • Ilocano: baró
    • Cagayan Valley
      • Isnag: bagu
      • Ibanagic
        • Ibanag: bagu
        • Pamplona Atta: bagu
        • Gaddangic
          • Gaddang: bawu
          • Itawit: bahú
          • Yogad: bágu
          • Central Cagayan Agta: bagu
    • Meso-Cordilleran
      • Central Cordilleran
        • Isinai: beyu
        • Kalinga–Itneg
          • Limos Kalinga: bagú
          • Lubuagan Kalinga: baru
          • Madukayang Kalinga: baru
          • Tanudan Kalinga: baru
        • Nuclear Cordilleran
          • Ifugao
            • Batad Ifugao: balu
            • Tuwali Ifugao: balu, bahu
          • Bontok–Kankanay
            • Bontok
              • Central Bontoc: balú
              • Eastern Bontoc: fiarú
            • Kankanay
              • Kankanaey: baló
              • Northern Kankanay: balo
      • Southern Cordilleran
        • Pangasinan: bálo
        • Keley-I Kallahan: baluh
        • Kayapa Kallahan: bâllo
        • Karao: bado
    • Northeastern Luzon
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bigu
      • Dupaningan Agta: bigu
      • Paranan: bigu
  • Central Luzon
    • Kapampangan: báyu
    • Remontado Agta: bá'yu
    • Sambalic
      • Sambali: ba-yo
      • Botolan Sambal: bayo
      • Bolinao: ba'yo
      • Mag-Indi Ayta: bayu
      • Abenlen Ayta: bayo
      • Mag-Anchi Ayta: bayo
  • Northern Mindoro
    • Iraya: bayó
    • Alangan: bayo
    • Tadyawan: bayukáy
  • Ati: bédoʔ
  • Manide–Alabat
    • Camarines Norte Agta: be-gí
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Philippine
      • Tagalog: bágo
      • Bikol
        • Bikol Central: bágo
        • Buhi'non Bikol: ba'go
        • Iriga Bicolano: bágo
      • Mansakan
        • Mansaka: bagu
        • Mamanwa: bag-o
        • Kalagan
          • Kalagan: bagu
          • Kagan Kalagan: bago
          • Tagakaulu Kalagan: bagu
      • Visayan
        • Asi: bág-o
        • Cebuano: bag-o
        • Central
          • Hiligaynon: bag-ú
          • Masbatenyo: bág-o
          • Waray-Waray: bag-o
          • Romblomanon: bag'u
        • West
          • Aklanon: bag-ó
          • Caluyanun: bág-o
          • Inonhan: bágʔo
          • Kinaray-a: bag-o
          • Kuyan
            • Cuyunon: bágo'
            • Ratagnon: bago
        • South
          • Butuan–Tausug
            • Butuanon: bag-o
            • Tausug: ba'gu, bagu
          • Surigao
            • Surigaonon: bag-o
            • Tandaganon: bagʔu
    • Manobo
      • Kagayanen: bag-o
      • Binukid: bag-u
      • Ilianen Manobo: behu
      • Agusan Manobo: 'bag-u
      • Western Bukidnon Manobo: beg̵u
    • Subanen
      • Central Subanen: begu
      • Western Subanon: bogu
    • South Mangyan
      • Buhid: bago
      • Hanunoo: bag-u
      • Western Tawbuid: bagu
    • Palawanic
      • Palawan Batak: baʔgó
      • Brooke's Point Palawano: bagu
      • Central Palawano: bagu
      • Aborlan Tagbanwa: ba'gu
      • Central Tagbanwa: bago
    • Danao
      • Maranao: bago, bego
      • Maguindanao: bagú
      • Iranun: bagu
    • Gorontalo–Mongondow
      • Gorontalic
        • Gorontalo: bohu
        • Buol: bogu
        • Kaidipang: bogu
      • Mongondowic
        • Mongondow: bagu
        • Ponosakan: wahu
  • Kalamian
    • Agutaynen: ba-lo
    • Calamian Tagbanwa: baklu
  • Sangiric
    • North
      • Talaud: warru
      • Sangir: buhu
      • Sangil: βu'ru
    • South
      • Bantik: buhú
      • Ratahan: wuu
  • Minahasan
    • Tontemboan: weru
    • Tombulu: weru
    • Tonsea: weru
    • Tondano: weru, beru
• Basap–Barito
  • Sama–Bajaw
    • Inabaknon: bag'o
    • Yakan: ba'ahu, bahu
    • Sulu
      • Pangutaran Sama: bahu
      • Central Sama: baha'u
      • Southern Sama: bahau
    • Borneo Coast
      • Mapun: bahau
      • West Coast Bajau: bau, bahau
      • Indonesian Bajau: bau, babau, babao
  • Basap: baru
  • East Barito
    • Dusun Witu: wa'o
    • Ma'anyan: wa'u, ba'u
    • Malagasy: vao
  • West Barito
    • Ngaju: haru
• North Bornean
  • Northeast Sabahan
    • Ida'an: bagku
  • Southwest Sabahan
    • Dusunic
      • Central Dusun: wagu
      • Coastal Kadazan: vagu
      • Rungus: vagu
    • Murutic
      • Timugon Murut: bagu
      • Tagal Murut: bahu
      • Burusu: bagu
    • Paitanic
      • Tombonuo: wagu
      • Upper Kinabatangan: wagu
  • North Sarawakan
    • Bintulu: vaw
    • Dayic
      • Kelabit: beruh
      • Lun Bawang: beruh
  • Central Sarawakan
    • Melanau
      • Central Melanau: ba'ou
      • Balingian Melanau: bahou
    • Kajang
      • Sekapan: baʔəw
      • Kajaman: baʔəw
      • Lahanan: bau
• Land Dayak
  • Benyadu–Bekati'
    • Benyadu': bahu
    • Bekati': bahṵː
    • Sara: bau
  • Bidayuh
    • Bau Bidayuh: ba'uh
    • Biatah Bidayuh: bauh
    • Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: bauh
  • Southern Land Dayak
    • Ribun: baoh
    • Sanggau: baoh
• Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  • Batak
    • Northern
      • Dairi Batak: rembaru, rimbaru
      • Karo Batak: baru
    • Southern
      • Angkola Batak: baru
      • Mandailing Batak: baru
      • Simalungun Batak: baru
      • Toba Batak: baru
  • Gayo: baru
  • Mentawai: bau
  • Nias: bohou
  • Simeulue: afalu
• Rejang: blau
• Lampungic
  • Lampung Api: bahyu
• Moklenic
  • Moken: keloy
  • Moklen: kləi
• Malayo-Sumbawan
  • Malayo-Chamic
    • Proto-Chamic: *bahrɔw
      • Acehnese: barô
      • Coastal Chamic
        • Haroi: prɨ̆au
        • Cham
          • Eastern Cham: ꨝꨣꨭꨥ (baruw)
          • Western Cham: bahau
      • Highlands Chamic
        • Chru–Northern Chamic
          • Chru: bərhəu
          • Northern Chamic
            • Northern Roglai: bahrơu
            • Tsat: pʰiə¹¹
        • Jarai–Rhade
          • Bih: marâo
          • Jarai: phrâo
          • Rade: mrâo
    • Proto-Malayic: *baharu
      • Ibanic
        • Iban: baru
        • Keninjal: baɣu
        • Mualang: baɣu
        • Seberuang: baɣow
      • Malayan
        • Brunei Malay: baru
        • Malay: baharu, baru
          • Indonesian: baharu, baru
        • Pattani Malay: بارو (baru)
        • Minangkabau: baru
      • Urak Lawoi': บารู (baru)
  • Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    • Balinese: ᬩᬯᬸ (bau)
    • Sasak: baru
    • Sumbawa: beru
  • Sundanese: bahayu
• Old Javanese: wāhu, wahu
  • > Javanese: ꦮꦲꦸ (wau) (inherited)
  • ⇒ Javanese: ꦮꦲꦺ (waé), ꦧꦲꦺ (baé), ꦲꦲꦺ (aé)
• South Sulawesi
  • Bugis–Tamanic
    • Buginese: baru
    • Embaloh: baru
  • Makassaric
    • Makasar: beru
  • Seko
    • Seko Padang: baru
  • Northern
    • Mandar: baru
    • Mamuju: bakaru, bakahu
    • Massenrempulu
      • Duri: baru
    • Toraja
      • Tae': ba'ru
      • Toraja-Sa'dan: ba'ru, bakaru
      • Mamasa: bakaru
    • Pitu Ulunna Salu
      • Aralle-Tabulahan: bakahu
      • Bambam: bakahu
• Celebic
  • Saluan–Banggai
    • Eastern
      • Banggai: boolu
      • Balantak: u'uru
    • Western
      • Saluan: buqou
  • Bungku–Tolaki
    • Eastern
      • Mori Bawah: wo'u, wo'ohu
    • Western
      • Interior
        • Mori Atas: wo'u
        • Padoe: woou, wo'u
      • West Coast
        • Kodeoha: wuohu
        • Tolaki: wo'ohu, wu'ohu
  • Kaili–Pamona
    • Northern
      • Da'a Kaili: bou
      • Pamona: wo'u
    • Southern
      • Uma: bo'u
      • Badaic
        • Bada: wóꞌu
        • Napu: wou
  • Muna–Buton
    • Buton
      • Cia-Cia: vukou
      • Kumbewaha: wukou
      • Lasalimu: wukou
    • Munic
      • Muna: bughou, bu'ou
      • Kioko: wu'ou
    • Tukangbesi–Bonerate
      • Bonerate: wo'ou
      • Tukang Besi South: ɸoʔou
  • Tomini–Tolitoli
    • Tajio: vou
    • Tomini: bou
    • Totoli: bobou
  • Wotu–Wolio
    • Wotu: warru
    • Wolio: baau
    • Laiyolo: bau
      • → Selayar: bau
• Chamorro: på'go
• Palauan: beches
• Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian
    • Bima: bou
    • Sumba–Flores
      • Laboya: beru, ber
      • Manggarai: weru
      • Rembong: waru
    • Flores–Lembata
      • Adonara: wu'u
    • Kei–Tanimbar
      • Fordata: veru
      • Arguni: popʷaro
    • Central Maluku
      • East Central Maluku
        • Banda–Geser
          • Geser-Gorom: wouwou
        • Nunusaku
          • Asilulu: helu
          • Laha (Indonesia): heru
      • West Central Maluku
        • Buru (Indonesia): fehu
        • Taliabu: fohu
    • Timoric
      • Galoli: heyu
      • Helong: balu
      • Kisar: worworu
      • Leti: waru
      • Tetum: foun
  • Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    • South Halmahera–West New Guinea
      • Mor (Austronesian): behaʔú
      • Waropen: boa, woa
      • Cenderawasih Bay
        • Biakic
          • Biak: babo
          • Dusner: vavou
        • Yapen
          • East
            • Kurudu: woru
          • Central–West
            • Ambai: vevoru, waworu
            • Ansus: veworu, vevoru, waworu
            • Munggui: baboru
            • Pom: vaworu
            • Serui-Laut: vavoru
            • Wandamen: vavoru, baboru
            • Woi: vevoru
      • Halmahera Sea
        • Ma'ya–Matbat:
          • Matbat: wa³w
        • South
          • Buli (Indonesia): po
          • Gane: pou
          • East Makian: powo
    • Proto-Oceanic: *paqoʀu
      • Admiralty Islands
        • Western
          • Seimat: haun
        • Eastern
          • Manus
            • West Manus
              • Nyindrou: haʔun
              • Sori-Harengan: mabaːu
            • Intermediate
              • Loniu: mahun
              • Mokerang: mahun
              • Pak-Tong: baːhun
            • East Manus
              • Andra-Hus: ahun
              • Gele': mabawin
              • Leipon: mahun
              • Ponam: fon
              • Titan: maun
          • Southeast
            • Baluan-Pam: boun
            • Lou: papaeun
            • Nauna: ohun
      • St. Matthias Islands
        • Mussau-Emira: ouna
      • Western Oceanic
        • Meso-Melanesian
          • Bali–Vitu
            • Uneapa: vaghoru
            • Muduapa: vaǥoru
          • Northwest Solomonic
            • Mono–Uruavan
              • Alu: haoluna
              • Torau: auru
              • Uruava: vaoru
            • Piva–Bannoni
              • Lawunuia: evaunu
            • Ysabel
              • Cheke Holo: valu
              • Gao: valu
              • Kokota: foforu
        • North New Guinea
          • Huon Gulf
            • Numbami: wou
          • Ngero–Vitiaz
            • Bel
              • West Bel
                • Takia: fou
                • Gedaged: faun
                • Matukar: haun
              • East Bel
                • Biliau: fou
                • Wab: fau
            • Ngero
              • Bariai
                • Bariai: pau
                • Kove: pau
                • Malalamai: pou
              • Tuam
                • Gitua: pagu
                • Mutu: pagu
          • Sarmi–Jayapura
            • Sobei: fefou
          • Schouten
            • Manam: wawau
        • Papuan Tip
          • Nuclear Papuan Tip
            • Bwaidoga
              • Bwaidoka: vagu
              • Iduna: ivaguna
              • Iamalele: ivauna
              • Koluwawa: kaivauna
            • Dobu–Duau
              • Sewa Bay: auwauna
              • Dobu: auwauna
              • Molima: vauvauna
            • Suauic
              • Auhelawa: vauvau
              • Oya'oya: faufau
              • Saliba (New Guinea): hauhau
            • Are–Taupota
              • Are
                • Mukawa: wauna
              • Taupota
                • Tawala: wouna
                • Wedau: vouna
            • Gumawana: vau
          • Kilivila–Misima
            • Kilivila: vau
            • Misima-Paneati: vavaluna
            • Muyuw: kwéivaw
      • Central-Eastern Oceanic
        • Micronesian
          • Chuukic–Pohnpeic
            • Chuukic: *faú
              • Carolinian: ffé
              • Chuukese: fé
              • Mortlockese: sééfé
              • Puluwat: hééfé
              • Satawalese: fféé
              • Sonsorolese: taifaú
              • Tobian: taiföü
              • Woleaian: fféé, ffeo
        • Southeast Solomonic
          • Gela–Guadalcanal
            • Gelic
              • Gela: vaolu
              • Lengo: vaolu
            • Guadalcanal
              • Birao: vaolu
              • Ghari: vaolu
              • Malango: vaolu
              • Talise: vaoluna
          • Longgu–Malaita–Makira
            • Longgu: vaolu
            • Malaita–Makira
              • Sa'a: haolu
              • Makira
                • Arosi: haoru
                • Bauro: haoru
                • Fagani: haoru
              • Malaita
                • Central–North Malaita
                  • Kwaio: hoolu
                  • Kwara'ae: faulu
                  • Lau: fālu
                  • To'abaita: fālu, faalu
                • Southern Malaita
                  • 'Are'are: haoru
                  • Oroha: haoru
        • Central Pacific
          • Western Central Pacific
            • Western Fijian: vou
          • Eastern Central Pacific
            • Fijian: vou
            • Proto-Polynesian: *foqou
              • Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
                • Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
                  • Marquesic:
                    • Hawaiian: hou
                    • Mangarevan: ʻou
                    • North Marquesan: hou
                    • South Marquesan: hou
                  • Rapa Nui: ho'ou
                  • Tahitic:
                    • Cook Islands Maori:
                      • Mangaian: ‘ou
                      • Rakahanga-Manihiki: fōu, hou
                      • Rarotongan: ‘ōu
                      • Tongarevan: hōu
                    • French Polynesia:
                      • Rapa: ‘ou
                      • Tahitian: hou
                      • Tuamotuan: hōu
                    • New Zealand Maori-Moriori:
                      • Maori: hōu
                      • Moriori: hou
                • Western Polynesian:
                  • Ellicean—Outlier:
                    • Kapingamarangi: hou, hoou
                    • Nuguria: hoou, fou
                    • Nukumanu: hoou
                    • Nukuoro: hoou
                    • Pileni: hou
                    • Sikaiana: hou
                    • Takuu: fou, hoou
                    • Tuvaluan: foou
                  • Futunic:
                    • Anuta: pou
                    • East Futuna: fo'ou
                    • Emae: fou
                    • Futuna-Aniwa: fou, fau (Aniwa)
                    • Mele-Fila: foou
                    • Pukapukan: wōu
                    • Tikopia: fou
                    • West Uvean: foou
                  • Samoic:
                    • Samoan: fou
                    • Tokelauan: fou
              • Tongic:
                • Niuafo'ou: foʻou
                • Niuean: foou
                • Tongan: foʻou
        • Southern Oceanic
          • Central Vanuatu
            • Eton (Vanuatu): fau
            • Lelepa: fau
            • North Efate: vau
          • South Vanuatu
            • Sie: itvau
            • Ura (Vanuatu): arvau

References

• Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *baqeRuh.
• Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• Kamholz, D.C. (2014) Austronesians in Papua: Diversification and Change in South Halmahera–West New Guinea‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California, page 162
• Smith, A. (2017) The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.