Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/(i-)aku

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /(i)aku/

Pronoun

*(i-)aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(i-)aku (see there for further descendants)
Western Malayo-Polynesian: *(i-)aku
- Barito
  - East Barito
    - Malagasy: izaho / aho
  - West Barito
    - Southwest Barito
      - Ngaju: yakuʔ
- North Bornean
  - North Sarawakan
    - Melanau-Bintulu
      - Bintulu: akew
      - Melanau
        Central Melanau: akew
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Dusun
        Kadazan Dusun: yoku
- Proto-Philippine: *ʔakúʔ
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: ako
  - Northern Philippine
    - Central Luzon
      - Kapampangan: aku
    - Northern Luzon
      - Ilocano: si-ak
- Celebic
  - Saluan-Banggai
    - Banggaian
      - Banggai: iaku
  - Southeast Celebic
    - Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *ku
      - Bungku
        East Coast Bungku
        Mori Bawah: aku
        
        Southwest Bungku
        Moronene: aku / iβaku
      - Tolaki
        Interior Tolaki
        Padoe: yaku / jaku
        
        Tomadino: iaku
        
        West Coast Tolaki
        Tolaki: inaku
    - Muna-Buton
      - Wotu-Wolio
        Wolio–Kamaru
        Wolio: i aku
  - Tomini-Tolitoli
    - Totoli: aku / yaku
- Chamorro: hu, guahu
- Old Javanese: aku
  - Javanese: aku
- Proto-Lampungic: *ɲaku
  - Komering: ɲaʔ
  - Lampung Api: ñaʔ
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Malayo-Chamic
    - Chamic
      - Acehnese: kèe
      - Eastern Cham: kau
    - Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
      - Sasak-Sumbawa
        Sasak: aku
    - Proto-Malayic: *aku
      - Ibanic
        Iban: aku
      - Nuclear Malayic
        Banjarese: aku
        Malay: aku, daku (poetic), ak, aque, aq (text messaging, Internet slang) / اکو (aku)
        Indonesian: aku, akoe (1901–1947), daku (poetic)
- Rejang: uku

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aku”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*aku”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

	singular	plural
1st person	*(i-)aku	(i-)kita (inclusive) kami (exclusive)
2nd person	*(i-)kahu	*(i-)kam (i)u
3rd person	*(si-)ia	*(si-)ida