Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-ras
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-ras (Matisoff, STEDT)
A connection between this root and Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas (“husked rice”) has been proposed (Sagart, 2002; Matisoff, STEDT), compare for instance Amis felac, Malay beras, Tagalog bigas, Malagasy vary, Chamorro pugas and Kelabit bera. Moreover, Burushaski bras (“rice”) may be a borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language. Ferlus (2010) proposes an Austroasiatic origin & reconstructs putative root *C.rac, a nominal derivation from the verb *rac "to pull, to tear off, to reap". Still, Sagart (2011) deems Ferlus' supporting evidence for the reconstruction to be "flimsy". Also compare Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi) and Proto-Dravidian *wariñci which might have come from the same Austroasiatic source or cognates.
The most probable Chinese comparanda are 糲 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd, “grain of rice”) and 稗 (OC *breːs, “polished rice”). The second one is sometimes compared with Khmer បាយ (baay, “cooked rice; to eat”). Benedict (1975) also relates Tibetan འབྲས་བུ ('bras bu, “fruit”) with 飯 (OC *bonʔ, *bons, “millet, cooked rice”) on the basis of the double meaning of this root (“rice, fruit”), however it's possible that the latter shares a common source with Proto-Mon-Khmer *puuŋ (“cooked rice”). Chinese 米 (OC *miːʔ, “uncooked rice”) likely comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice, paddy”).
According to Schuessler (2007), Mizo ṭai (“species of rice”) may be a cognate along with Mizo rah (“fruit”), although Sagart (2002) associates it with Tibetan ཁྲེ (khre, “millet”), which possibly comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet, rice”).
Noun
[edit]*b-ras
Descendants
[edit]- Old Chinese: 糲 /*rˤat-s/, /*rˤat/, /*rat-s/ (B-S), /*mraːds/, /*mrads/, /*mraːd/ (ZS) (“grain”); 稗 /*C.bˁre-s/ (B-S), /*breːs/ (ZS) (“polished rice”)
5=ryeo, yeoPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
**:
→ Japanese: 糲 (れい, らつ, rei, ratsu)
Korean: 려, 여 (糲, ryeo, yeo)
Vietnamese: lệ (糲)
5=paePlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
**:
→ Japanese: 稗 (べ, be)
Korean: 패 (稗, pae)
Vietnamese: bại (稗)
- Kuki-Chin:
- /*raʔ/ (VanBik, 2009)
- Central Chin
- Mizo: rah (“fruit, berry”)
- Sal
- Bodo-Garo
- Bodo: bere (“bear fruit”)
- Bodo-Garo
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Bodic
- Tibetan
- Written Tibetan: འབྲས ('bras, “rice, fruit”), འབྲས་བུ ('bras bu, “fruit”), མིག་འབྲས (mig 'bras, “eyeball”), འབྲས་བུ་སྐྱེ ('bras bu skye, “bear fruit”)
- Tibetan
- Bodic
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
- Burmish
- Burmese: ဗြတ် (brat, “superior kind of paddy”)
- Burmish
- Lolo-Burmese
See also
[edit]- *dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“rice, food, eat”)
- *khrəj (“rice, millet”)
- *bu (“rice”)
- *ma-j ~ mej (“rice, paddy”)