absum

Latin

Etymology

From ab- (“from, away”) +‎ sum (“I am”)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈab.sum/, [ˈäps̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈap.sum/, [ˈɑpsum]

Verb

absum (present infinitive abesse, perfect active āfuī, future participle āfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. I am away, I am absent, I am distant

Conjugation

Conjugation of absum (highly irregular, suppletive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	absum	abes	abest	absumus	abestis	absunt
	imperfect	aberam	aberās	aberat	aberāmus	aberātis	aberant
	future	aberō	aberis, abere	aberit	aberimus	aberitis	aberunt
	perfect	āfuī	āfuistī	āfuit	āfuimus	āfuistis	āfuērunt, āfuēre
	pluperfect	āfueram	āfuerās	āfuerat	āfuerāmus	āfuerātis	āfuerant
	future perfect	āfuerō	āfueris	āfuerit	āfuerimus	āfueritis	āfuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	absim	absīs	absit	absīmus	absītis	absint
	imperfect	abessem, āforem	abessēs, āforēs	abesset, āforet	abessēmus, āforēmus	abessētis, āforētis	abessent, āforent
	perfect	āfuerim	āfuerīs	āfuerit	āfuerīmus	āfuerītis	āfuerint
	pluperfect	āfuissem	āfuissēs	āfuisset	āfuissēmus	āfuissētis	āfuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	abes	—	—	abeste	—
	future	—	abestō	abestō	—	abestōte	absuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		abesse	āfuisse	āfutūrum esse, āfore	—	—	—
participles		absēns	—	āfutūrus	—	—	—

Usage notes

• Regularized perfect and supine forms abfuī, abfutūrus etc. occur in Medieval Latin.

Synonyms

• (I am away): longē sum

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: abessiv

References

• absum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• absum in Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891
• absum in Gaffiot, Félix, Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, 1934
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden, Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co., 1894
  • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    
  • to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse
    
  • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    
  • to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
    
  • God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!)
    
  • to be free from blame: abesse a culpa
    
  • to be almost culpable: prope abesse a culpa