astua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *astudak, from the same root as askel (“step”).[1] Cognate with Karelian aštuo, Estonian astuma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]astua
- (intransitive) to step (on), tread (on), pace, stride
- to enter, step (in/into) [with illative or allative]
- (transitive, agriculture) to mount, serve, breed, cover, sire
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of astua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | astun | en astu | 1st sing. | olen astunut | en ole astunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | astut | et astu | 2nd sing. | olet astunut | et ole astunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | astuu | ei astu | 3rd sing. | on astunut | ei ole astunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | astumme | emme astu | 1st plur. | olemme astuneet | emme ole astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | astutte | ette astu | 2nd plur. | olette astuneet | ette ole astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | astuvat | eivät astu | 3rd plur. | ovat astuneet | eivät ole astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | astutaan | ei astuta | passive | on astuttu | ei ole astuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | astuin | en astunut | 1st sing. | olin astunut | en ollut astunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | astuit | et astunut | 2nd sing. | olit astunut | et ollut astunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | astui | ei astunut | 3rd sing. | oli astunut | ei ollut astunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | astuimme | emme astuneet | 1st plur. | olimme astuneet | emme olleet astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | astuitte | ette astuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte astuneet | ette olleet astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | astuivat | eivät astuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat astuneet | eivät olleet astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | astuttiin | ei astuttu | passive | oli astuttu | ei ollut astuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | astuisin | en astuisi | 1st sing. | olisin astunut | en olisi astunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | astuisit | et astuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit astunut | et olisi astunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | astuisi | ei astuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi astunut | ei olisi astunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | astuisimme | emme astuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme astuneet | emme olisi astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | astuisitte | ette astuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte astuneet | ette olisi astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | astuisivat | eivät astuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat astuneet | eivät olisi astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | astuttaisiin | ei astuttaisi | passive | olisi astuttu | ei olisi astuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | astu | älä astu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | astukoon | älköön astuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon astunut | älköön olko astunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | astukaamme | älkäämme astuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | astukaa | älkää astuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | astukoot | älkööt astuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot astuneet | älkööt olko astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | astuttakoon | älköön astuttako | passive | olkoon astuttu | älköön olko astuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | astunen | en astune | 1st sing. | lienen astunut | en liene astunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | astunet | et astune | 2nd sing. | lienet astunut | et liene astunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | astunee | ei astune | 3rd sing. | lienee astunut | ei liene astunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | astunemme | emme astune | 1st plur. | lienemme astuneet | emme liene astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | astunette | ette astune | 2nd plur. | lienette astuneet | ette liene astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | astunevat | eivät astune | 3rd plur. | lienevät astuneet | eivät liene astuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | astuttaneen | ei astuttane | passive | lienee astuttu | ei liene astuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | astua | present | astuva | astuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | astunut | astuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | astuessa | astuttaessa | agent3 | astuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | astumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | astuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | astumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | astumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | astumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | astumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | astumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | astuman | astuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | astuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]nouns
postpositions
verbs
idioms
- astua syrjään (“to step aside”)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “astua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *astudak. Cognates include Finnish astua and Estonian astuda.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑstuɑ/, [ˈɑs̠to̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑstuɑ/, [ˈɑʃtuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑstoː, -ɑstuɑ
- Hyphenation: as‧tu‧a
Verb
[edit]astua
- (intransitive) to step
- 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Maaroi Tarinaisista, “1381. Soikkola, Viistinä. III 250.”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[3], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 5-6:
- Ujui laivoin uurrespuille, // Astui laivoin vanttuloille.
- He swam onto the grooved woods of the ships, // He stepped on the zinc ropes of the ships.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of astua (type 1/ampua, st-ss gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | assun | en assu | 1st singular | oon astunt, oon astunut | en oo astunt, en oo astunut |
2nd singular | assut | et assu | 2nd singular | oot astunt, oot astunut | et oo astunt, et oo astunut |
3rd singular | astuu | ei assu | 3rd singular | ono astunt, ono astunut | ei oo astunt, ei oo astunut |
1st plural | assumma | emmä assu | 1st plural | oomma astuneet | emmä oo astuneet |
2nd plural | assutta | että assu | 2nd plural | ootta astuneet | että oo astuneet |
3rd plural | astuut1), astuvat2), assutaa | evät assu, ei assuta | 3rd plural | ovat astuneet | evät oo astuneet, ei oo assuttu |
impersonal | assutaa | ei assuta | impersonal | ono assuttu | ei oo assuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | assuin | en astunt, en astunut | 1st singular | olin astunt, olin astunut | en olt astunt, en olt astunut |
2nd singular | assuit | et astunt, et astunut | 2nd singular | olit astunt, olit astunut | et olt astunt, et olt astunut |
3rd singular | astui | ei astunt, ei astunut | 3rd singular | oli astunt, oli astunut | ei olt astunt, ei olt astunut |
1st plural | assuimma | emmä astuneet | 1st plural | olimma astuneet | emmä olleet astuneet |
2nd plural | assuitta | että astuneet | 2nd plural | olitta astuneet | että olleet astuneet |
3rd plural | astuit1), astuivat2), assuttii | evät astuneet, ei assuttu | 3rd plural | olivat astuneet | evät olleet astuneet, ei olt assuttu |
impersonal | assuttii | ei assuttu | impersonal | oli assuttu | ei olt assuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | astuisin | en astuis | 1st singular | olisin astunt, olisin astunut | en olis astunt, en olis astunut |
2nd singular | astuisit, astuist1) | et astuis | 2nd singular | olisit astunt, olisit astunut | et olis astunt, et olis astunut |
3rd singular | astuis | ei astuis | 3rd singular | olis astunt, olis astunut | ei olis astunt, ei olis astunut |
1st plural | astuisimma | emmä astuis | 1st plural | olisimma astuneet | emmä olis astuneet |
2nd plural | astuisitta | että astuis | 2nd plural | olisitta astuneet | että olis astuneet |
3rd plural | astuisiit1), astuisivat2), assuttais | evät astuis, ei assuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat astuneet | evät olis astuneet, ei olis assuttu |
impersonal | assuttais | ei assuttais | impersonal | olis assuttu | ei olis assuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | assu | elä assu | 2nd singular | oo astunt, oo astunut | elä oo astunt, elä oo astunut |
3rd singular | astukoo | elköö astuko | 3rd singular | olkoo astunt, olkoo astunut | elköö olko astunt, elköö olko astunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | astukaa | elkää astuko | 2nd plural | olkaa astuneet | elkää olko astuneet |
3rd plural | astukoot | elkööt astuko, elköö assuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot astuneet | elkööt olko astuneet, elköö olko assuttu |
impersonal | assuttakkoo | elköö assuttako | impersonal | olkoo assuttu | elköö olko assuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | astunen | en astune | |||
2nd singular | astunet | et astune | |||
3rd singular | astunoo | ei astune | |||
1st plural | astunemma | emmä astune | |||
2nd plural | astunetta | että astune | |||
3rd plural | astunoot | evät astune, ei assuttane | |||
impersonal | assuttannoo | ei assuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | astua | present | astuva | assuttava | |
2nd | inessive | astujees | past | astunt, astunut | assuttu |
instructive | astuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (astukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | astumaa | |||
inessive | astumaas | ||||
elative | astumast | ||||
abessive | astumata | ||||
4th | nominative | astumiin | |||
partitive | astumista, astumist |
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 22
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑstuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑstuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- fi:Agriculture
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations