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bruken

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Low German

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.

Verb

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bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)
    Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.
    You don’t need to wait for me.
    (or Du musst nich op mi to töven, see usage notes)
Usage notes
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  • In a negative sentence, möten or dörven are often used instead of bruken. For example, “you don’t need to go yet” is usually translated by du musst noch nich gahn instead of du bruukst noch nich to gahn.
  • The verb nödig hebben is used to express the need of something.
Conjugation
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Conjugation of bruken (weak verb)
infinitive bruken
present preterite
1st person singular bruuk bruuk
2nd person singular bruuks(t) bruuks(t)
3rd person singular bruuk(t) bruuk
plural bruukt, bruuken bruken
imperative
singular bruuk(e)
plural bruukt
present past
participle bruken (e)bruukt, gebruukt

Note: This conjugation is one of many.
Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Etymology 2

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From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.

Verb

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bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. to use
Conjugation
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Conjugation of bruken (weak verb)
infinitive bruken
present preterite
1st person singular bruuk bruuk
2nd person singular bruuks(t) bruuks(t)
3rd person singular bruuk(t) bruuk
plural bruukt, bruuken bruken
imperative
singular bruuk(e)
plural bruukt
present past
participle bruken (e)bruukt, gebruukt

Note: This conjugation is one of many.
Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

Verb

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bruken

  1. to use
  2. to enjoy (the use/benefit of)
  3. to lease (of land)
  4. to sell (of small things)

Inflection

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Conjugation of bruken (weak)
infinitive base form bruken
genitive brukens
dative brukene
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular bruke — bruke —
2nd person singular bruucs, brukes — bruucs, brukes —
3rd person singular bruuct, bruket — bruke —
1st person plural bruken — bruken —
2nd person plural bruuct, bruket — bruuct, bruket —
3rd person plural bruken — bruken —
imperative
singular bruuc, bruke
plural bruuct, bruket
present past
participle brukende —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Dutch: bruiken (archaic)
  • Limburgish: broeke

Further reading

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Middle Low German

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Etymology

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From Old Saxon brūkan

Pronunciation

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Verb

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brûken

  1. to use, utilise, to make use of either an object or a right
  2. to enjoy, to have use from
  3. to need
  4. to work in a craft

Declension

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Conjugation of bruken as a weak verb
plain infinitive brûken
full infinitive (gerund) tô brûkene or tô brûkende
verbal noun brûken or brûkent
participles imperative
present brûkende singular brûke
past gebrûket plural brûket
indicative subjunctive
present preterite present preterite
1st person singular brûke brûkede brûke brûkede
2nd person singular brûkest brûkedest brûkest brûkedest
3rd person singular brûket brûkede brûket brûkede
plural brûken (brûket?) brûkeden brûken brûkeden

Descendants

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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bruken m or n

  1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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bruken m or n

  1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Swedish

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Noun

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bruken

  1. definite plural of bruk

Anagrams

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