etymon

See also: étymon

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἔτυμον (étumon, “the true sense of a word according to its origin”), from ἔτυμος (étumos, “true, real, actual”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt.ɪ.mɒn/, /ˈɛt.ə.mɒn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɛt.ə.mɑn/

Noun

Examples
The Latin candidus (“white”) is the etymon of the English candid. The term hip fracture means a femoral neck fracture or (rarely) a femoral head fracture in modern medical terminology, whereas a reader might etymonically assume that it also included pelvic fracture (but it doesn't in current technical usage).

etymon (plural etyma or etymons)

2. (linguistics) The original or earlier form of an inherited or borrowed word, affix, or morpheme either from an earlier period in a language's development, from an ancestral language, or from a foreign language.

   Synonyms: ancestor, etym

   Antonyms: derivative, reflex

   Coordinate term: cognate

   • 2006, Folia orientalia - Volumes 42-43, page 467:

     Here such cases as ghost words & misglosses, secondary semantics, different etymologies for one etymon or one etymology for different etyma, and finally semantic overpermissiveness are discussed.

   • 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide‎^[1], page 5:

     The resulting citation collection was databased and coded for meaning, etymon, and date range (earliest and latest occurrence found).

   • 2016, Bryan A. Garner, Garner's Modern English Usage, 4th edition:

     Parricide, the more usual word, means (1) "the murder of one's own father"; or (2) "someone who murders his or her own father" […] It is also used in extended senses, such as "the murder of the ruler of a country" and "the murder of a close relative." These are not examples of slipshod extension, however, for even the Latin etymon (parricida) was used in these senses.

4. Meaning as derived and conveyed thereby: The literal meaning of a term according to its origin, which may differ from its usual meaning when the latter relies on idiomatic conventions that are not conveyed by the term alone (that is, they must be known in other ways, such as experience, training, education, or dictionary lookup).

Derived terms

• etymonic
• etymonically

Related terms

• etymologist
• etymologize
• etymology

Translations

ancestral form or source word

• Arabic: أَثَلَة f (ʔaṯala)
• Armenian: բնիմաստ (hy) (bnimast), էտիմոն (hy) (ētimon)
• Asturian: étimu m
• Bulgarian: етимо́н m (etimón)
• Catalan: ètim (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 字根 (zh) (zìgēn)

• Dutch: etymon n
• Finnish: lähdesana, kantasana (fi), sanajuuri (fi)
• French: étymon (fr) m
• German: Etymon (de) n
• Greek: έτυμο (el) n (étymo)
• Hungarian: etimon (hu)
• Interlingua: etymo (ia)
• Italian: etimo (it) m
• Napolitan: ètimu m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: stamord n, etymon n

• Polish: etymon (pl) m
• Portuguese: étimo (pt) m
• Russian: этимо́н (ru) (etimón)
• Sicilian: ètimu m
• Spanish: étimo (es) m
• Swedish: stamord n
• Welsh: gwreiddair m

See also

• cognate
• root

References

• “etymon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “etymon”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Anagrams

• toymen

Dutch

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔτυμον (étumon) or Latin etymon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ti.mɔn/
• Hyphenation: ety‧mon

Noun

etymon n (plural etyma)

1. etymon [from early 18th c.]
   • 1710, Lambert ten Kate, Gemeenschap tussen de Gottische spraeke en de Nederduytsche, publ. by Jan Rieuwertszoon, page 20.

     Deze kennisse van 't Gottische baent ons eenen weg om het Etymon van vele onzer woorden te ontdekken, dat buyten dit behulp onnavorschelyk zoude zyn.

     This knowledge of Gothic makes a way for us to discover the etymon of many of our words, that would be inscrutable without this aid.

Related terms

• etymologie

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἔτυμον (étumon).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛ.ty.mɔn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː.t̪i.mon]

Noun

etymon n (genitive etymī); second declension

1. etymon

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

	singular	plural
nominative	etymon	etyma
genitive	etymī	etymōrum
dative	etymō	etymīs
accusative	etymon	etyma
ablative	etymō	etymīs
vocative	etymon	etyma

References

• “etymon”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “etymon”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[2]

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin etymon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛˈtɘ.mɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɘmɔn
• Syllabification: e‧ty‧mon

Noun

etymon m inan

1. (linguistics) etymon (ancestral form or source word)

Declension

Declension of etymon

	singular	plural
nominative	etymon	etymony
genitive	etymonu	etymonów
dative	etymonowi	etymonom
accusative	etymon	etymony
instrumental	etymonem	etymonami
locative	etymonie	etymonach
vocative	etymonie	etymony

Related terms

adjective

• etymologiczny

adverb

• etymologicznie

nouns

• etymolog
• etymologia
• etymolożka

verbs

• etymologizować impf
• zetymologizować pf

Further reading

• etymon in Polish dictionaries at PWN