hawkish

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

substratebor.?

Proto-Indo-European *kap-der.?

Proto-Germanic *habukaz

Proto-West Germanic *habuk

Old English hafoc

Middle English hauk

English hawk

Proto-Indo-European *-iskos

Proto-Germanic *-iskaz

Proto-West Germanic *-isk

Old English -isċ

Middle English -isch

English -ish

English hawkish

From hawk + -ish.

Pronunciation

• (UK)
  • (Received Pronunciation, Northern England, Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈhɔːkɪʃ/
  • (Standard Southern British) IPA^(key): /ˈhoːkɪʃ/

    • Audio (Southern England):

      (file)

  • (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ˈhɔkɪʃ/
• (US)
  • (without the cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈhɔkɪʃ/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑkɪʃ/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈhɒkɪʃ/
• (Australia, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈhoːkəʃ/
• Rhymes: -ɔːkɪʃ

Adjective

hawkish (comparative more hawkish, superlative most hawkish)

1. Resembling a hawk in appearance or behaviour.
   • 2004, David Mitchell, “Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery”, in Cloud Atlas, →ISBN, pages 122-123:

     Luisa locks her VW and crosses the scrub to the encampment. ... Several inhabitants approach but not in a friendly manner. “Yeah?” challenges a man, with a hawkish Native American complexion.
     “I presumed this was a public park.”
     “You presumed wrong. It’s private.”

2. Supportive of warlike foreign policy; bellicose; inclined toward military action.

   Synonym: bellicose

   Antonym: dovish

   The Prime Minister could count on the support of a hawkish majority in Parliament to support the invasion.

   • 2019 September 10, Christian Britschgi, “Ultra-Hawk John Bolton Fired From Trump Administration”, in Reason:

     This was not the first disagreement between the ultra-hawkish Bolton and the occasionally more intervention-skeptic Trump.

   • 2020 July 1, Dan Friedman, “Congressional Democrats Are Tying Themselves Into Knots About Whether to Restrict Aid to Israel”, in Mother Jones:

     But before the letter was finalized, it drew denunciation from the hawkish American Israel Public Affairs Committee.

   • 2022 August 21, Anton Troianovski, “Brazen Attack Near Moscow Rattles Russians”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     The Russian authorities said on Sunday that they had begun a murder investigation into the killing of Daria Dugina, 29, a hawkish political commentator who was the daughter of the philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, long a leading proponent of an imperialist Russia who has been urging the Kremlin to escalate its assault on Ukraine.

3. Favouring increasing interest rates; inclined towards increasing interest rates.

   Antonym: dovish

   The Federal Reserve's recent statement on the slowing of inflation was interpreted as hawkish by the market.

Derived terms

• hawkishly
• hawkishness
• unhawkish

Related terms

• war hawk

Translations

resembling a hawk

• German: falkenartig (de)

supportive of warlike foreign policy

• French: bagarreur (fr) m, batailleur (fr) m, va-t-en-guerre (fr)
• Galician: belicoso (gl), pugnaz, batallante, batallador, militarista
• German: wucherisch, militaristisch (de)
• Greek: πολεμοχαρής (el) m or f (polemocharís)
• Hebrew: ניצי
• Russian: вои́нственный (ru) (voínstvennyj), ура́-патриоти́ческий (ru) (urá-patriotíčeskij), милитари́стский (ru) (militarístskij), ястреби́ный (ru) (jastrebínyj)
• Spanish: falconino

favoring increasing interest rates

• German: falkenhaft

Further reading

• war hawk on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Wishkah

German

Etymology

Borrowed from English hawkish.

Adjective

hawkish (strong nominative masculine singular hawkisher, comparative hawkisher, superlative am hawkishsten)

1. (stock market, uncommon) hawkish
   • 2022 July 13, Kornelius Purps, “EUR-USD: Parität hält, aber wie lange noch?”, in Wallstreet Online‎^[2]:

     Die Zentralbankvertreter sind von ihrer hawkishen Rhetorik bislang so gut wie keinen Millimeter abgewichen […]

     Central bank representatives have distanced themselves from their hawkish rhetorics by no millimeter […]

Declension

Positive forms of hawkish number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist hawkish sie ist hawkish es ist hawkish sie sind hawkish strong declension (without article) nominative hawkisher hawkishe hawkishes hawkishe genitive hawkishen hawkisher hawkishen hawkisher dative hawkishem hawkisher hawkishem hawkishen accusative hawkishen hawkishe hawkishes hawkishe weak declension (with definite article) nominative der hawkishe die hawkishe das hawkishe die hawkishen genitive des hawkishen der hawkishen des hawkishen der hawkishen dative dem hawkishen der hawkishen dem hawkishen den hawkishen accusative den hawkishen die hawkishe das hawkishe die hawkishen mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein hawkisher eine hawkishe ein hawkishes (keine) hawkishen genitive eines hawkishen einer hawkishen eines hawkishen (keiner) hawkishen dative einem hawkishen einer hawkishen einem hawkishen (keinen) hawkishen accusative einen hawkishen eine hawkishe ein hawkishes (keine) hawkishen Comparative forms of hawkish number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist hawkisher sie ist hawkisher es ist hawkisher sie sind hawkisher strong declension (without article) nominative hawkisherer hawkishere hawkisheres hawkishere genitive hawkisheren hawkisherer hawkisheren hawkisherer dative hawkisherem hawkisherer hawkisherem hawkisheren accusative hawkisheren hawkishere hawkisheres hawkishere weak declension (with definite article) nominative der hawkishere die hawkishere das hawkishere die hawkisheren genitive des hawkisheren der hawkisheren des hawkisheren der hawkisheren dative dem hawkisheren der hawkisheren dem hawkisheren den hawkisheren accusative den hawkisheren die hawkishere das hawkishere die hawkisheren mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein hawkisherer eine hawkishere ein hawkisheres (keine) hawkisheren genitive eines hawkisheren einer hawkisheren eines hawkisheren (keiner) hawkisheren dative einem hawkisheren einer hawkisheren einem hawkisheren (keinen) hawkisheren accusative einen hawkisheren eine hawkishere ein hawkisheres (keine) hawkisheren Superlative forms of hawkish number & gender singular plural masculine feminine neuter predicative er ist am hawkishsten sie ist am hawkishsten es ist am hawkishsten sie sind am hawkishsten strong declension (without article) nominative hawkishster hawkishste hawkishstes hawkishste genitive hawkishsten hawkishster hawkishsten hawkishster dative hawkishstem hawkishster hawkishstem hawkishsten accusative hawkishsten hawkishste hawkishstes hawkishste weak declension (with definite article) nominative der hawkishste die hawkishste das hawkishste die hawkishsten genitive des hawkishsten der hawkishsten des hawkishsten der hawkishsten dative dem hawkishsten der hawkishsten dem hawkishsten den hawkishsten accusative den hawkishsten die hawkishste das hawkishste die hawkishsten mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein hawkishster eine hawkishste ein hawkishstes (keine) hawkishsten genitive eines hawkishsten einer hawkishsten eines hawkishsten (keiner) hawkishsten dative einem hawkishsten einer hawkishsten einem hawkishsten (keinen) hawkishsten accusative einen hawkishsten eine hawkishste ein hawkishstes (keine) hawkishsten

Further reading

• “hawkish” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon