hrífa

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈr̥iːva/

  Rhymes: -iːva

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hrífa (“rake”), cognate with Danish rive. From the following verb.

Noun

hrífa f (genitive singular hrífu, nominative plural hrífur)

1. rake

Declension

Declension of hrífa (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hrífa	hrífan	hrífur	hrífurnar
accusative	hrífu	hrífuna	hrífur	hrífurnar
dative	hrífu	hrífunni	hrífum	hrífunum
genitive	hrífu	hrífunnar	hrífa, hrífna	hrífanna, hrífnanna

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hrífa (“to grip, snatch”), from Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to grip, snatch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scratch”). Has become conflated with Proto-Germanic *rīfaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”), in each subsequent daughter language, cf. Old English gehrīfnian (“to become fierce, rapacious”) and Old Frisian hrīva (“to tear”). Ultimately the sense is 'to make an impression on'.

Verb

hrífa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hreif, third-person plural past indicative hrifu, supine hrifið)

1. to enchant, to carry away, to move someone [intransitive or with accusative]
2. (intransitive) to become effective, to take effect

   Lyfið hreif mjög fljótt.

   The drug took effect very quickly.

Conjugation

hrífa – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að hrífa
supine sagnbót		hrifið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		hrífandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	hríf	hreif		hrífi	hrifi
	þú	hrífur	hreifst		hrífir	hrifir
	hann, hún, það	hrífur	hreif		hrífi	hrifi
plural	við	hrífum	hrifum		hrífum	hrifum
	þið	hrífið	hrifuð		hrífið	hrifuð
	þeir, þær, þau	hrífa	hrifu		hrífi	hrifu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	hríf (þú), hrífðu
plural	þið	hrífið (þið), hrífiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

hrífast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að hrífast
supine sagnbót		hrifist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		hrífandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	hrífst	hreifst		hrífist	hrifist
	þú	hrífst	hreifst		hrífist	hrifist
	hann, hún, það	hrífst	hreifst		hrífist	hrifist
plural	við	hrífumst	hrifumst		hrífumst	hrifumst
	þið	hrífist	hrifust		hrífist	hrifust
	þeir, þær, þau	hrífast	hrifust		hrífist	hrifust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	hrífst (þú), hrífstu
plural	þið	hrífist (þið), hrífisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

hrifinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hrifinn	hrifin	hrifið	hrifnir	hrifnar	hrifin
accusative (þolfall)	hrifinn	hrifna	hrifið	hrifna	hrifnar	hrifin
dative (þágufall)	hrifnum	hrifinni	hrifnu	hrifnum	hrifnum	hrifnum
genitive (eignarfall)	hrifins	hrifinnar	hrifins	hrifinna	hrifinna	hrifinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hrifni	hrifna	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifnu	hrifnu
accusative (þolfall)	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifnu	hrifnu
dative (þágufall)	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifnu	hrifnu
genitive (eignarfall)	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifna	hrifnu	hrifnu	hrifnu

Derived terms

• hrifinn