View source for language

==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|lăngʹgwĭj}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/}}
** {{a|GA|CA}} {{IPA|en|[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]|qual1=see [[w:/æ/ raising|/æ/ raising]]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-language.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{rhymes|en|æŋɡwɪdʒ|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|en|lan|guage}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|langage}}, {{m|enm|language}}, from {{der|en|fro|language}}, from {{der|en|VL.|*linguāticum}}, from {{der|en|la|lingua||tongue, speech, language}}, from {{der|en|itc-ola|dingua||tongue}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s||tongue, speech, language}}. Displaced native {{noncog|ang|ġeþēode}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}
{{examples|
The English Wiktionary uses the English '''language''' to define words from all of the world's '''languages'''.
<br><br>
[[File:Hello1.ogv|200px]]<br>This person is saying "hello" in American sign '''language'''.
}}
{{wikipedia}}

# {{lb|en|countable}} A [[body]] of [[word]]s, and set of methods of combining them (called a [[grammar]]), understood by a [[community]] and used as a form of [[communication]].
#: {{ux|en|The English '''language''' and the German '''language''' are related.}}
#: {{ux|en|Deaf and mute people communicate using '''languages''' like [[ASL]].}}
#* '''1867''', ''Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe'', quoted in 1983 in ''History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907'' {{ISBN|0913580856}}, page 240:
#*: Hence the natural '''language''' of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a '''language''', capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
#* {{quote-book|en|page=50|year=1900|author={{w|William Thomas Beckford|William Beckford}}| title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=KnArAAAAMAAJ The History of the Caliph Vathek]| passage=No '''language''' could express his rage and despair.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000|author=Geary Hobson|title=The Last of the Ofos|isbn=0816519595|page=113|passage=Mr. Darko, generally acknowledged to be the last surviving member of the Ofo Tribe, was also the last remaining speaker of the tribe's '''language'''.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The ability to communicate using words.
#: {{ux|en|the gift of '''language'''}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=1981|author=William Irwin Thompson|authorlink=William Irwin Thompson|title=The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture|publisher=Rider/Hutchinson & Co.|location=London|page=15|passage='''Language''' is the articulation of the limited to express the unlimited; it is the ultimate mystery which is the image of God, for in breaking up infinity to create finite beings, God has found a way to let the limited being yet be a reflection of His unlimited Being.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} A [[sublanguage]]: the [[slang]] of a [[particular]] [[community]] or [[jargon]] of a [[particular]] [[specialist]] [[field]].
#* {{RQ:Besant Ivory Gate|chapter=Prologue|passage=Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer '''language''', he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.}}
#* {{RQ:Fry Liar|page=35|passage=And ‘[[blub]]bing’... [[blub|Blub]]bing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new '''language''' to start up. Nineteen-twenties schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.}}
#: {{ux|en|legal '''language'''; &nbsp; the '''language''' of chemistry}}
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable|figurative}} The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
#: {{ux|en|body '''language'''; &nbsp; the '''language''' of the eyes}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2001|author=Eugene C. Kennedy|author2=Sara C. Charles|title=On Becoming a Counselor|isbn=0824519132
|passage=A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal '''languages''' of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=2005|author=Sean Dooley|authorlink=Sean Dooley|title=The Big Twitch|publisher=Allen and Unwin|location=Sydney|page=231|passage=Birding had become like that for me. It is a '''language''' that, once learnt, I have been unable to unlearn.}}
# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1983|title=The Listener|volume=110|page=14
|passage=A more likely hypothesis was that the attacked leaves were transmitting some airborne chemical signal to sound the alarm, rather like insects sending out warnings {{...}} But this is the first time that a plant-to-plant '''language''' has been detected.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2009|title=Animals in Translation|page=274
|passage=Prairie dogs use their '''language''' to refer to real dangers in the real world, so it definitely has meaning.}}
# {{lb|en|computing|countable}} A [[computer language]]; a [[machine language]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2015|author=Kent D. Lee|title=Foundations of Programming Languages|isbn=3319133144|page=94
|passage=In fact pointers are called references in these '''languages''' to distinguish them from pointers in '''languages''' like C and C++.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[manner|Manner]] of [[expression]].
#* {{RQ:Cowper Hope}}
#*: Their '''language''' simple, as their manners meek, {{...}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The particular words used in a [[speech]] or a [[passage]] of [[text]].
#: {{ux|en|The '''language''' used in the law does not permit any other interpretation.}}
#: {{ux|en|The '''language''' he used to talk to me was obscene.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[profanity|Profanity]].
#* {{quote-book|en|page=500|year=1978|author=James Carroll| title=[http://books.google.com/books?id=Nbl6vw3uieoC Mortal Friends]|isbn=0440157897| passage="Where the hell is Horace?" ¶ "There he is. He's coming. You shouldn't use '''language'''."}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|form of communication}} ''see'' [[Thesaurus:language]]
* {{sense|vocabulary of a particular field}} ''see'' [[Thesaurus:jargon]]
* {{sense|computer language}} {{l|en|computer language}}, {{l|en|programming language}}, {{l|en|machine language}}
* {{sense|particular words used}} ''see'' [[Thesaurus:wording]]

=====Hypernyms=====
* {{l|en|medium}}

=====Hyponyms=====
* See [[:Category:en:Languages]]
{{col4|en|title=linguistics: Hyponyms of ''language'' (kinds)
|artificial language
|auxiliary language
|bad language
|body language
|common language
|[[computer language|computer]]/[[computing language]]
|constructed language
|corpus language
|dead language
|endangered language
|engineered language
|everyday language
|experimental language
|extinct language
|foreign language
|formal language
|foul language
|global language
|hardware description language
|indigenous language
|international language
|link language
|literary language
|living language
|logical language
|machine language
|meta language
|main language
|mathematical language
|metaphorical language
|minority language
|modern language
|multi-paradigm language
|natural language
|object language
|pattern language
|philosophical language
|phonetic language
|planned language
|principal language
|private language
|programming language
|scripting language
|secular language
|sign language
|spoken language
|standard language
|subject-oriented language
|target language
|universal language
|vehicular language
|vernacular language
|working language
|world language
}}
{{col4|en|title=linguistics: Hyponyms of ''language'' (types)
|active-stative language
|agglutinative language
|analytic language
|direct-inverse language
|E-language<!--Chomsky-->
|ergative-absolutive language
|I-language<!--Chomsky-->
|isolating language
|nominative-accusative language
|oligosynthetic language
|OV language
|polysynthetic language
|synthetic language
|tripartite language
|VO language
}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en
|A language|AB language|abstract language|aspect-oriented language|aspect-oriented programming language|assembly language|B language|C language|child language|class-based language|classical language|clean language|Community language|community language|conditional assembly language|contact language|context-free language|curly-brace language|curly-braces language|curly-bracket language|daughter language|delegation language|domain-specific language|dynamic language|e-language learning|esoteric programming language|expressive language|first language|ghost language|good language|heritage language|high-level language|home language|imperative language|indexing language|intermediate language|international auxiliary language|Iranian language|Iranic language|killer language|language area|language arts|language assimilation|language assistant|language contact|language continuum|language ecology|language exchange|language game|language island|language isolate|language nest|language replacement|language swap|language-agnostic|language-independent|large language model|link-language|lip language|liturgical language|loaded language|love language|low-level language|macro language|markup language|matrix language|mini-language|mixed language|moon language|mother language|native language|natural language processing|natural language understanding|null-subject language|object-based language|object-oriented language|official language|Oïl language|pandanus language|parent language|people-first language|private language argument|private language problem|private language thesis|pro-drop language|proto-language|prototype-based language|query language|receptive language|reconstructed language|regular language|role-oriented language|Romance language|second language|sleeping language|source language|specific language impairment|static language|statically-typed language|strong language|style sheet language|Sydney language|symbolic language|systems language|unparliamentary language|ur-language|village sign language|visual language|visual programming language|watch one's language|Western Desert language|whole language|wooden language
|English-language
|German-language
|interlanguage
|language barrier
|language code
|language cop
|language death
|language extinction
|language family
|language lab
|language laboratory
|language model
|language of education
|language of flowers
|language planning
|language police
|language pollution
|language processing
|language school
|language shift
|language technology
|language transfer
|languaging
|logical language
|mind one's language
|Polish-language
|speak someone's language
|speak the same language
|Turkish-language
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{rel4|en
|langue<!--English word-->
|lingua franca
|lingua
|linguine
|linguistics
|tonguage
}}

=====Translations=====
{{see translation subpage|Noun}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|rare|now|nonstandard|or|technical}} To [[communicate]] by language; to [[express]] in language.
#* {{RQ:Fuller Church History}}
#*: Others were '''languaged''' in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

====Interjection====
{{en-interjection}}

# {{n-g|An admonishment said in response to vulgar language.}}
#:{{usex|en|You're a pile of shit!<br>Hey!  '''Language!'''}}

====See also====
{{col4|en
|bilingual
|lexis
|linguistics
|multilingual
|term
|trilingual
|word
}}

===Etymology 2===
Alteration of {{m|en|languet}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[languet]], a flat plate in or below the flue [[pipe]] of an [[organ]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1896|isbn=https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/language&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiOs9b7sr37AhXupYsKHVKLAGQQtwJ6BAgKEAE&usg=AOvVaw1OmKaOIJypIt-O47wFghBx|author=William Horatio Clarke|title=The Organist's Retrospect|page=79|passage=A flue-pipe is one in which the air passes through the throat, or flue, which is the narrow, longitudinal aperture between the lower lip and the tongue, or '''language'''. {{...}} The '''language''' is adjusted by slightly elevating or depressing it, {{...}}}}

===References===
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:Keywords 21st}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

[[Category:en:Linguistics]]

==French==

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{archaic spelling of|fr|langage}}

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{enm-noun}}

# {{alternative form of|enm|langage}}

==Middle French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|frm|langage|langaige|languaige}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|frm|fro|language}}.

===Noun===
{{frm-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|language}} (style of communicating)

====Related terms====
* {{l|frm|langue}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|fr|langage}} {{see desc}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
{{der-top|alternative forms}}
* {{l|fro|langage}}
* {{l|fro|langaige}}
* {{l|fro|languaige}}
* {{l|fro|lenguage}}
* {{l|fro|lengage}}
* {{l|fro|lengaige}}
* {{l|fro|lenguaige}}
* {{l|fro|linguage}}
* {{l|fro|lingage}}
* {{l|fro|lingaige}}
* {{l|fro|linguaige}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|VL.|*linguāticum}}, from Classical {{inh|fro|la|lingua||tongue, language}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{a|archaic}} {{IPA|fro|/lenˈɡwad͡ʒə/}}
* {{a|classical}} {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡad͡ʒə/}}
* {{a|late}} {{IPA|fro|/lanˈɡaʒə/}}

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|f}}

# [[language#English|language]] (style of communicating)

====Related terms====
* {{l|fro|langue}}, {{l|fro|lingue}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|roa-brg|langaige}}
* {{desctree|frm|language}}
;
Borrowings: {{q|some possibly from O.Occitan [[lenguatge]] instead}}
* {{desctree|enm|langage|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|lengaç|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lld|lingaz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rm|linguatg|bor=1|alts=1}}

[[Category:fro:Languages]]