peser
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French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French peser, from Old French peser, from Vulgar Latin *pēsāre, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, present active indicative of pēnsō. Compare also penser, a borrowed doublet.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /pə.ze/
Audio (France, Paris) (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Homophones: pesai, pesé, pesée, pesées, pesés
Verb[edit]
peser
- (intransitive) to weigh (to have a weight of)
- Je pèse 80 kilos
- I weigh 80 kilos
- Je pèse 80 kilos
- (transitive) To weigh (to see how much something weighs)
- Il faut peser les abricots
- You must weigh the apricots
- Il faut peser les abricots
Conjugation[edit]
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il pèse rather than *il pese. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | peser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pesant /pə.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pesé /pə.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pèse /pɛz/ |
pèses /pɛz/ |
pèse /pɛz/ |
pesons /pə.zɔ̃/ |
pesez /pə.ze/ |
pèsent /pɛz/ |
| imperfect | pesais /pə.zɛ/ |
pesais /pə.zɛ/ |
pesait /pə.zɛ/ |
pesions /pə.zjɔ̃/ |
pesiez /pə.zje/ |
pesaient /pə.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pesai /pə.ze/ |
pesas /pə.za/ |
pesa /pə.za/ |
pesâmes /pə.zam/ |
pesâtes /pə.zat/ |
pesèrent /pə.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | pèserai /pɛz.ʁe/ |
pèseras /pɛz.ʁa/ |
pèsera /pɛz.ʁa/ |
pèserons /pɛz.ʁɔ̃/ |
pèserez /pɛz.ʁe/ |
pèseront /pɛz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pèserais /pɛz.ʁɛ/ |
pèserais /pɛz.ʁɛ/ |
pèserait /pɛz.ʁɛ/ |
pèserions /pɛ.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
pèseriez /pɛ.zə.ʁje/ |
pèseraient /pɛz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pèse /pɛz/ |
pèses /pɛz/ |
pèse /pɛz/ |
pesions /pə.zjɔ̃/ |
pesiez /pə.zje/ |
pèsent /pɛz/ |
| imperfect2 | pesasse /pə.zas/ |
pesasses /pə.zas/ |
pesât /pə.za/ |
pesassions /pə.za.sjɔ̃/ |
pesassiez /pə.za.sje/ |
pesassent /pə.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pèse /pɛz/ |
— | pesons /pə.zɔ̃/ |
pesez /pə.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “peser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams[edit]
Middle French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French peser, see below.
Verb[edit]
peser
- (transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)
- (intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)
Conjugation[edit]
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of peser
| infinitive | simple | peser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | pesant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pesé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pese | peses | pese | pesons | pesez | pesent |
| imperfect | pesois, pesoys | pesois, pesoys | pesoit, pesoyt | pesions, pesyons | pesiez, pesyez | pesoient, pesoyent | |
| past historic | pesa | pesas | pesa | pesasmes | pesastes | peserent | |
| future | peserai, peseray | peseras | pesera | peserons | peserez | peseront | |
| conditional | peserois, peseroys | peserois, peseroys | peseroit, peseroyt | peserions, peseryons | peseriez, peseryez | peseroient, peseroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pese | peses | pese | pesons | pesez | pesent |
| imperfect | pesasse | pesasses | pesast | pesassions | pesassiez | pesassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pese | — | pesons | pesez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- French: peser
References[edit]
- peser on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (peser, supplement)
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the Vulgar Latin *pēsāre, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, present active indicative of pēnsō. Compare also the borrowing penser.
Verb[edit]
peser
- to weigh (have a certain weight)
- (figuratively) to be a burden or a worry
Conjugation[edit]
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. This verb has a stressed present stem pois distinct from the unstressed stem pes. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | peser | avoir pesé | |||||
| gerund | en pesant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | pesant | ||||||
| past participle | pesé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pois | poises | poise | pesons | pesez | poisent |
| imperfect | pesoie, peseie, pesoe, peseve | pesoies, peseies, pesoes, peseves | pesoit, peseit, pesot, peseve | pesiiens, pesiens | pesiiez, pesiez | pesoient, peseient, pesoent, pesevent | |
| preterite | pesai | pesas | pesa | pesames | pesastes | peserent | |
| future | peserai | peseras | pesera | peserons | peseroiz, pesereiz, peserez | peseront | |
| conditional | peseroie, pesereie | peseroies, pesereies | peseroit, pesereit | peseriiens, peseriens | peseriiez, peseriez | peseroient, pesereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pois | pois | poist | pesons | pesez | poisent |
| imperfect | pesasse | pesasses | pesast | pesissons, pesissiens | pesissoiz, pesissez, pesissiez | pesassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | poise | — | pesons | pesez | — | ||
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French intransitive verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -e-er
- French first group verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French transitive verbs
- Middle French intransitive verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with stem alternations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
