peser

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French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle French peser, from Old French peser, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, whence also the doublet penser 'think'.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

peser

  1. (intransitive) to weigh (to have a weight of)
    Je pèse 80 kilos
    I weigh 80 kilos
    1. (computing, intransitive) of a file, to have a given size
    Les pièces jointes doivent peser moins de 8 Mo.
    Attachments must be under 8 megabytes.
  2. (transitive) to weigh (to see how much something weighs)
    Il faut peser les abricots
    You must weigh the apricots
  3. to burden, weigh down
    Ça lui pèse.
    'That weighs on his mind.'

Conjugation[edit]

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il pèse rather than *il pese. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple peser
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple pesant
/pə.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle pesé
/pə.ze/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present pèse
/pɛz/ 		pèses
/pɛz/ 		pèse
/pɛz/ 		pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/ 		pesez
/pə.ze/ 		pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect pesais
/pə.zɛ/ 		pesais
/pə.zɛ/ 		pesait
/pə.zɛ/ 		pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/ 		pesiez
/pə.zje/ 		pesaient
/pə.zɛ/
past historic2 pesai
/pə.ze/ 		pesas
/pə.za/ 		pesa
/pə.za/ 		pesâmes
/pə.zam/ 		pesâtes
/pə.zat/ 		pesèrent
/pə.zɛʁ/
future pèserai
/pɛz.ʁe/ 		pèseras
/pɛz.ʁa/ 		pèsera
/pɛz.ʁa/ 		pèserons
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/ 		pèserez
/pɛz.ʁe/ 		pèseront
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/
conditional pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/ 		pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/ 		pèserait
/pɛz.ʁɛ/ 		pèserions
/pɛ.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		pèseriez
/pɛ.zə.ʁje/ or /pe.zə.ʁje/ 		pèseraient
/pɛz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present pèse
/pɛz/ 		pèses
/pɛz/ 		pèse
/pɛz/ 		pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/ 		pesiez
/pə.zje/ 		pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect2 pesasse
/pə.zas/ 		pesasses
/pə.zas/ 		pesât
/pə.za/ 		pesassions
/pə.za.sjɔ̃/ 		pesassiez
/pə.za.sje/ 		pesassent
/pə.zas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — pèse
/pɛz/ 		— pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/ 		pesez
/pə.ze/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Middle French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French peser, see below.

Verb[edit]

peser

  1. (transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)
  2. (intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)

Conjugation[edit]

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of peser
infinitive simple peser
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple pesant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle pesé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesois, pesoys pesois, pesoys pesoit, pesoyt pesions, pesyons pesiez, pesyez pesoient, pesoyent
past historic pesa pesas pesa pesasmes pesastes peserent
future peserai, peseray peseras pesera peserons peserez peseront
conditional peserois, peseroys peserois, peseroys peseroit, peseroyt peserions, peseryons peseriez, peseryez peseroient, peseroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesassions pesassiez pesassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — pese — pesons pesez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • French: peser

References[edit]

  • peser on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (peser, supplement)

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin pēnsāre. Doublet of penser 'think'.

Verb[edit]

peser

  1. to weigh (have a certain weight)
  2. (figuratively) to be a burden or a worry

Conjugation[edit]

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. This verb has a stressed present stem pois distinct from the unstressed stem pes. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive peser avoir pesé
gerund en pesant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle pesant
past participle pesé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present pois poises poise pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesoie, peseie, pesoe, peseve pesoies, peseies, pesoes, peseves pesoit, peseit, pesot, peseve pesiiens, pesiens pesiiez, pesiez pesoient, peseient, pesoent, pesevent
preterite pesai pesas pesa pesames pesastes peserent
future peserai peseras pesera peserons peseroiz, pesereiz, peserez peseront
conditional peseroie, pesereie peseroies, pesereies peseroit, pesereit peseriiens, peseriens peseriiez, peseriez peseroient, pesereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present pois pois poist pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesissons, pesissiens pesissoiz, pesissez, pesissiez pesassent
compound
tenses 		past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— poise — pesons pesez —

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

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