pirkt

Latvian

This word is traditionally derived from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *per-k-, *pr̥k-, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *per- (“taking over, past something”) (whence (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latvian prepositions par, pār, q.v.), as a verb “to take over, past (somewhere)” > “to take (somewhere) to sell” > “to sell”, with an extra k. With this meaning, cf. Ancient Greek περνάναι (pernánai), πιπράσκειν (pipráskein, “to sell, to export”), and Old Irish renim (“I sell”) (< *pr̥-nā-). In the Baltic languages, the meaning “to sell” became “to buy,” given the nature of buying and selling as two aspects of the same two-sided event. From the same stem also prece (“product, ware, merchandise”), q.v. A more recent suggestion is that pirkt may derive from another (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European stem *per- (“to hit”) (whence pērkons (“thunder”), q.v.), with as original meaning “to rob, to plunder;” in several Indo-European languages, verbs of buying originate from verbs of taking (cf. Latin emere (“to buy”), earlier “to take”). Cognates include Lithuanian pir̃kti.^[1]

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pirkt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present pērku, pērc, pērk, past pirku)

to buy, to purchase (to obtain, to acquire something by paying an appropriate amount of money)
pirkt pārtiku ― to buy groceries

pirkt lakatu, zābakus ― to buy a scarf, boots

pirkt gleznu ― to buy a painting

pirkt biļetes ― to buy tickets

dārgi, lēti pirkt ― to buy at an expensive, cheap price

izdēvīgi pirkt ― to buy at a convenient price

pirkt par skaidru naudu ― to buy (for) cash (lit. for clear money)

pirkt skaidrā naudā ― to buy cash (lit. in clear money)

pirkt uz kredīta, uz nomaksu ― to buy on credit, by installments

viņš brauca uz Igauniju pirkt jaunu zirgu ― he went to Estonia to buy a new horse

viņa pirka tikai pašu visnepieciešamako ― she bought only the most necessary (things)

visi pērk, tātad arī man jāpērk ― everybody is buying, so I also have to buy
(figuratively) to buy (to obtain something with effort, with sacrifice)
par milzīgu asinscenu pirkta uzvara pār fašismu ― the victory over fascism was bought with an enormous price in blood

conjugation of pirkt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)	IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
1st pers. sg.	es	pērku	pirku	pirkšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	pērc	pirki	pirksi	pērc
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	pērk	pirka	pirks	lai pērk
1st pers. pl.	mēs	pērkam	pirkām	pirksim	pirksim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	pērkat	pirkāt	pirksiet, pirksit	pērciet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	pērk	pirka	pirks	lai pērk

RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	pērkot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		pērkošs
Past	esot pircis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		pirkdams
Future	pirkšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		pērkot
Imperative	lai pērkot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		pērkam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		pircis
Present	pirktu		Present Passive		pērkams
Past	būtu pircis		Past Passive		pirkts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāpērk		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		pirkt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāpērk		Negative Infinitive		nepirkt
Conjunctive 2	jāpērkot		Verbal noun		pirkšana

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pirkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN