realism

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁-der.

Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁ís

Proto-Italic *reis

Classical Latin rēs

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Late Latin reālisder.

Old French reelbor.

Middle English real

English real

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)

Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.

English -ism

English realism

From real + -ism.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/ enPR: rēʹəlĭzm

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

realism (countable and uncountable, plural realisms)

1. A concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary.

   Hyponym: realpolitik

   Coordinate term: realisticness

2. An artistic representation of reality as it is.
3. (sciences) The viewpoint that an external reality exists independent of observation.
   • 1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume II: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozwój (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 458:

     Lenin in fact confused epistemological realism with materialism (he repeats several times that materialism consists of recognizing 'objective material reality', 'independent of the subject'-but if so, nearly every Catholic philosopher is a materialist)

4. (philosophy) A doctrine that universals are real: they exist and are distinct from the particulars that instantiate them.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “doctrine concerning universals”): nominalism, antirealism

Hyponyms

• legal realism
• moral realism

Derived terms

• antirealism
• capitalist realism
• depressive realism
• dirty realism
• Eurorealism
• hallucinatory realism
• hyperrealism
• hysterical realism
• indirect realism
• infrarealism
• Islamorealism
• kitchen sink realism
• logical realism
• macrorealism
• magical realism
• magic realism
• mathematical realism
• metarealism
• moral realism
• naïve realism
• new realism
• nonrealism
• overrealism
• photo-realism
• photorealism
• pseudorealism
• quasi-realism
• race realism
• representative realism
• semirealism
• socialist realism
• social realism
• speculative realism
• superrealism
• tactical realism
• technorealism
• transcendental realism
• ultrarealism
• unrealism

Translations

concern for fact or reality

• Armenian: իրատեսություն (hy) (iratesutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: gerçəkçilik, realizm
• Bulgarian: реали́зъм (bg) m (realízăm)
• Catalan: realisme
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 現實主義 / 现实主义 (zh) (xiànshízhǔyì)

• Czech: realismus (cs) m
• Danish: realismen
• Dutch: realisme (nl)
• Esperanto: realismo (eo)
• Finnish: realismi (fi)
• French: réalisme (fr) m
• Galician: realismo (gl) m
• German: Realismus (de) m
• Greek: πραγματισμός (el) m (pragmatismós)
• Guarani:

  Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} añetegua reko

• Hebrew: ריאליזם (real'is)
• Hungarian: realizmus (hu)
• Ido: realismo (io)
• Interlingua: realismo
• Irish: réadúlacht f
• Italian: realismo (it) m
• Japanese: 現実主義 (ja) (genjitsushugi), 写実主義 (ja) (shajitsushugi), リアリズム (ja) (riarizumu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: realisme m

  Nynorsk: realisme m

• Polish: realizm (pl)
• Portuguese: realismo (pt) m
• Romanian: realism (ro)
• Russian: реали́зм (ru) m (realízm)
• Serbo-Croatian: realizam (sh) m
• Slovene: realizem m
• Spanish: realismo (es)
• Swedish: realism (sv)
• Tagalog: pagkamakatunay
• Turkish: gerçekçilik (tr)
• Yiddish: רעאַליזם m (realizm)

doctrine that universals are real

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 唯實論 / 唯实论 (zh) (wéishílùn), 實在論 / 实在论 (zh) (shízàilùn)

• Japanese: 実在論 (ja) (じつざいろん)

See also

• idealism
• universalism

References

• “realism”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• realism in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• Raymond Williams (1983), “Realism”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 257.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “realism”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Raelism, Mariels, almries, Marlise, mailers, Raëlism, remails

Estonian

Etymology

From German Realismus.

Noun

realism (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. realism

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Romanian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁-der.

Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁ís

Proto-Italic *reis

Classical Latin rēs

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Late Latin reālisder.

Old French reel

Middle French real

French réel

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)

Ancient Greek -ῐσμός (-ĭsmós)bor.

Latin -ismuslbor.

French -isme

French réalismebor.

Romanian realism

Borrowed from French réalisme. By surface analysis, real + -ism.

Noun

realism n (uncountable)

1. realism

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	realism	realismul
genitive-dative	realism	realismului
vocative	realismule

Swedish

Etymology

reell +‎ -ism

Noun

realism c

1. realism
   • 1894, Gustaf Fröding, “Idealism och realism [Idealism and Realism]”, in Nya dikter [New Poems]:

     Nu är jag led vid tidens schism
     emellan jord och stjärnor.
     Vår idealism och realism
     de klyva [old present tense plural, usually klyver] våra hjärnor.
     
     Det ljugs, när porträtterat grus
     får namn av konst och fägring.
     En syn, som svävar skön och ljus
     i skyn, är sann som hägring.
     
     Men strunt är strunt och snus är snus,
     om ock i gyllne [gyllene] dosor,
     och rosor i ett sprucket krus
     är ändå alltid rosor.

     Now I am weary of the current [the time's] schism
     between earth and stars.
     Our idealism and realism
     they split our brains.
     
     People lie [it is lied], when portrayed dust [gravel, sometimes used figuratively like dust, especially in the past]
     gets called art and beauty ["gets name of" – archaic].
     A sight, that floats fair and bright
     in the sky, is true as a mirage.
     
     But nonsense is nonsense and snuff is snuff [fairly well-known line],
     if also in golden boxes [small boxes with a lid].
     And roses in a cracked jug
     are still always roses.
     

2. (philosophy) realism

Declension

Declension of realism

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	realism	realisms
	definite	realismen	realismens
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Derived terms

• diskbänksrealism
• fotorealism
• neorealism
• nyrealism
• skomakarrealism
• socialrealism
• vardagsrealism

Related terms

• realist
• realistisk

References

• “realism”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “realism”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “realism”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• Realism in Svenska Akademiens ordlista öfver svenska språket (6th ed., 1889)

Anagrams

• lismare, smilare