View source for ruler

==English==
{{wikipedia}}
[[Image:Righello.jpg|thumb|A '''ruler''' (measuring device).]]

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|reuler}}; equivalent to {{affix|en|rule|-er|id2=agent noun}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɹuː.lə/<t:measuring device>|/ˈɹuːl.ə/<t:one who rules>|a=UK,goose split}}
** {{audio|en|En-uk-ruler-device.ogg|text=device|IPA=[ˈɹʉːlɐ]}} <!--These should be t= instead of text=, but t= doesn't show (October 2024)-->
** {{audio|en|En-uk-ruler-person.ogg|text=one who rules|IPA=[ˈɹuːɫɐ]}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɹulɚ/|a=GenAm}}
** {{audio|en|En-us-ruler.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːlə(ɹ)|s=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|Q104555}}A (usually [[rigid]]), [[flat]], [[rectangular]] measuring or drawing device with [[graduation]]s in [[unit]]s of [[measurement]]; a [[straightedge]] with [[marking]]s.
# A person who [[rule]]s or [[govern]]s; someone or something that exercises [[dominion]] or controlling power over others.
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Book of Sharks|author={{w|Richard Ellis (biologist)|Richard Ellis}}|year=1983|publisher=Knopf|ISBN=0679722106|passage=The carcharhinids are unquestionably the '''rulers''' of the seas, because of their abundance, their strength and speed, and their unchallenged position as the number one predators in the marine ecosystem.|page=122}}
#* {{quote-book
|en
|year=1991
|author=Chris Mullin
|title=The Year of the Fire Monkey
|url=https://archive.org/details/yearoffiremonkey0000mull/
|location=[[London]]
|publisher=w:Chatto & Windus
|genre=[[fiction|Fiction]]
|ISBN=0701136936
|OCLC=26471461
|page=252
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/yearoffiremonkey0000mull/page/252/
|text=LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the '''rulers''' of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.<br>They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.}}

====Usage notes====
In American English, the word "ruler" is often used specifically to refer to such a measuring device that is one [[foot]] (12 [[inch]]es) long. Used in contrast with "[[yardstick]]" and "meter stick."

====Synonyms====
* ''See'' '''[[Thesaurus:ruler]]'''
* {{sense|measuring instrument}} {{l|en|rule}}

====Hyponyms====
* ''See'' '''[[Thesaurus:ruler]]'''

====Derived terms====
{{der2|en|architect's ruler|agate ruler|co-ruler|sign ruler|drafter's ruler|home ruler|parallel ruler|planet-ruler|puppet ruler|scale ruler|standard ruler}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|measuring or drawing device}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|liniaal}}, {{t+|af|liniale|p}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|vizore|f}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|مِسْطَرَة|f}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|مسطرة|f|tr=masṭara}}
*: South Levantine Arabic: {{t|ajp|مسطرة|f|tr=másṭara}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|քանոն}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|regla|f}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|xətkeş}}, {{t|az|xətçəkən}}
* Basque: {{t|eu|erregela}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|ліне́йка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|মাপনী}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|лини́йка|f}}
* Burmese: {{t|my|မျည်းတံ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|regle|m}}
* Central Dusun: {{t|dtp|tutuku}}
* Cherokee: {{t|chr|ᎠᏥᎶᏍᏗ}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|間尺|tr=gaan3 cek3-2, gaan3 cek3}}, {{t|yue|尺|tr=cek3}}, {{t|yue|直尺}}
*: Dungan: {{t|dng|чызы}}
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|尺|tr=chhioh}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|尺|tr=chǐ}}, {{t+|cmn|直尺}}, {{t+|cmn|尺子}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|pravítko|n}}
* Danish: {{t|da|lineal}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|meetlat}}, {{t+|nl|liniaal}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|liniilo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|joonlaud}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|viivain}}, {{t+|fi|viivoitin}}
* French: {{t+|fr|règle|f}}, {{t+|fr|latte|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|regra|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სახაზავი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Lineal|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χάρακας|m}}, {{t+|el|ρίγα|f}} {{qualifier|dated}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|χάραξ|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סַרְגֵל|m|tr=sargél}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|पैमाना|m}}, {{t+|hi|रूलर|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|vonalzó}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|reglustika|f}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|linealo}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|penggaris}}, {{t+|id|mistar}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|rialóir|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|righello|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|定規|tr=じょうぎ, jōgi}}, {{t+|ja|物差し|tr=ものさし, monosashi}}, {{t|ja|ルーラー|tr=rūrā}}
* Kalmyk: {{t|xal|кимзә}}
* Kankanaey: {{t|kne|lukod}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಅಳತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|сызғыш}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|បន្ទាត់}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|자}}, {{t|ko|룰러}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|rastkêş}}, {{t+|kmr|cedwel}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|сызгыч}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ໄມ້ບັນທັດ}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|linejals|m}}
* Latin: {{t|la|rēgula|f}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|lineāls|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|liniuõtė|f}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦺᦙᧉᦶᦑᧅ}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|линијар|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|pembaris}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|riga|f}}
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡱᡳ}}, {{t|mnc|ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|шугам}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|bee ídaʼneelʼąąhí}}
* Nepali: {{t|ne|नाप}}, {{t|ne|स्केल}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|relle|f}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|linjal|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|linjal|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|regolsticca|m}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|جدول|tr=cedvel}}, {{t|ota|مسطر|tr=mıstar}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|ختکه|f|tr=xataka}}, {{t|ps|خط کښ|m|tr=xat kax̌}}
* Persian:
*: Iranian Persian: {{t|fa-ira|خَط‌ْکِش}}, {{t+|fa-ira|خَط کِش}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|linijka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|régua|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|riglă|f}}, {{t+|ro|linie|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|лине́йка|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|цр̏тало|n}}, {{t|sh|ра̀внало|n}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|cȑtalo|n}}, {{t+|sh|ràvnalo|n}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|pravítko|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|ravnilo|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|regla|f}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|rula}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|linjal|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|galod}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|хат}}, {{t|tg|хаткашак}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|сызгыч}}, {{t|tt|җәдвәл}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ไม้บรรทัด}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|መስመር}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|cetvel}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|lineýka}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ліні́йка|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|مِسْطَر|m}}, {{t|ur|رُولَر|m}}, {{t|ur|پَیمانَہ|m}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|سىزغۇچ}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|lineyka}}, {{t+|uz|chizgʻich}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thước kẻ}}, {{t+|vi|thước}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|pren mesur|m}}, {{t|cy|llinellydd|m}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|peymenek|c}}, {{t|zza|mastar|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|person who rules or governs}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|heerser}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|sundimtar|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حَاكِم|m}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|حاكم|m|tr=ḥakem}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|տիրակալ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|hökmdar}}, {{t+|az|hakim}}, {{t|az|hökmran}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|батша}}, {{t|ba|хаким}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|праві́цель|m}}, {{t|be|улада́р|m}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|শাসক}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|властели́н|m}}, {{t+|bg|господа́р|m}}, {{t+|bg|владе́тел|m}}
* Burmese: {{t|my|အုပ်ချုပ်သောသူ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|líder|m}}, {{t+|ca|governant|m}}
* Cherokee: {{t|chr|ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|統治者}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|vládce|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|hersker|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|heerser|m}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|ḥqꜣ|h=HqA-q-A-A1}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|regnestro}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|riigivalitseja}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|hallitsija}}
* French: {{t+|fr|dirigeant|m}}, {{t+|fr|chef|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მმართველი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Herrscher|m}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃|m}}, {{t|got|𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κυβερνήτης|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἀρχός|m}}, {{t|grc|ἄρχων|m}}, {{t|grc|ἡγεμών|m}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|chèf}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מַנְהִיג|m|tr=manhíg}}, {{t|he|שַׁלִּיט|m|tr=shálit}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|शासक|m}}, {{t+|hi|हाकिम|m}}, {{t+|hi|हुक्मरान|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|uralkodó}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|alvaldur|m}}, {{t|is|drottnari|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|penguasa}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|rialtóir|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sovrano|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|支配者|tr=しはいしゃ, shihaisha}}, {{t+|ja|知事|tr=ちじ, chiji}}, {{t|ja|統治者|tr=とうちしゃ, tōchisha}}
* Javanese: {{t+|jv|ratu}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|билеуші}}, {{t|kk|басқарушы}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|mũthamaki|c1}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|통치자(統治者)}}, {{t+|ko|지배자(支配者)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|hikumdar}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|бий}}, {{t+|ky|башкаруучу}}, {{t+|ky|аким}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|vaļdinīks|m}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|dominātor|m}}, {{t|la|tyrannus|m}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|valdnieks|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|valdõvas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|владетел|m}}, {{t|mk|владар|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|penguasa}}, {{t|ms|pemerintah}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|reuler}}, {{t|enm|senyour}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|захирагч}}
* Nahuatl: {{t|nah|tecutli}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|hersker|m}}, {{t+|nb|makthaver|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|herskar|m}}, {{t|nn|makthavar|m}}
* Old Prussian: {{t|prg|rikis}}
* Old Turkic: {{t|otk|𐰴𐰍𐰣|ts=qaɣan}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|حكمدار|tr=hükümdar}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|حاکم|m|tr=hākem}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|فرمانروا|tr=farmānravā}}
*: Iranian Persian: {{t+|fa-ira|حاکِم}}, {{t+|fa-ira|حُکْمْران}}, {{t+|fa-ira|والی}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|władca|m}}, {{t|pl|włodarz|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|governante|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|guvernant|m}}, {{t+|ro|domnitor|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прави́тель|m}}, {{t+|ru|властели́н|m}}, {{t+|ru|власти́тель|m}}, {{t+|ru|госуда́рь|m}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|अधिप|m}}, {{t+|sa|शासक|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|вла̀да̄р|m}}, {{t|sh|во̏ђа|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|vlàdār|m}}, {{t+|sh|vȍđa|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|vládca|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|vladar|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|gobernante}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|härskare|c}}, {{t+|sv|ledare|c}}
* Tabaru: {{t|tby|koana}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|naghahari}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|ҳоким}}, {{t|tg|ҳукмдор}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|хаким}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|అధికారి}}
* Ternate: {{t|tft|kolano}}
* Thai: {{t|th|ผู้ว่าการ}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|kamartīke}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hükümdar}}, {{t+|tr|hükümran}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|hökümdar}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|прави́тель|m}}, {{t+|uk|волода́р|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|حاکِم|m}}, {{t|ur|حُکْمَران|m}}, {{t+|ur|والی|m}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|ھۆكۈمدار}}, {{t|ug|ھاكىم}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|hukmdor}}, {{t+|uz|hokim}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|[[người]] [[thống trị]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|a female person who rules or governs}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|heersers}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|праві́целька|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|владе́телка|f}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|vládkyně|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|herskerinde|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|heerseres|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Herrscherin|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|uralkodónő}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|vaļdineica|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|dominātrīx|f}}, {{t|la|tyranna|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|valdniece|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|valdõvė|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|владетелка|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|władczyni|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прави́тельница|f}}, {{t+|ru|власти́тельница|f}}, {{t+|ru|госуда́рыня|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|vládkyňa|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|härskarinna|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|прави́телька|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Albanian: {{t+check|sq|sundimtar|m}}
* Estonian: {{t-check|et|joonlaud}}
* Lao: {{t+check|lo|ໄມ້ບັນທັດ}}
* Malay: {{t+check|ms|penguasa}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+check|sh|upravljač}}
* Tagalog: {{t-check|tl|reglador}}, {{t-check|tl|dinasta}}
* Tamil: {{t-check|ta|ஆட்சியாளர்}}
* Ukrainian: {{t-check|uk|ліні́йка|f}}
* Uzbek: {{t+check|uz|hokim}}, {{t-check|uz|idora qiluvchi}}, {{t+check|uz|chizgʻich}}
* Vietnamese: {{t-check|vi|cây thước}}, {{t-check|vi|cái thước kẻ}}
* Yiddish: {{t-check|yi|ווירע|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment).

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{comcatlite}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=elrru|lurer}}

{{topics|en|Government|People|Measuring instruments|Stationery}}

==Cebuano==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|ceb|en|ruler}}, from {{der|ceb|enm|reuler}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hyph|ceb|ru|ler}}
* {{ceb-IPA|rúler}}

===Noun===
{{ceb-noun}}

# {{l|en|ruler}} {{gl|tool}}

{{C|ceb|Measuring instruments|Stationery}}

==Tagalog==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|tl|en|ruler}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr}}

===Noun===
{{tl-noun|b=+}}

# {{l|en|ruler}} {{gl|tool}}
#: {{syn|tl|reglador|panlinya}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}