sīlma

See also: silma and silmä

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *silmä, from Proto-Uralic *śilmä. Cognates include Finnish silmä, Estonian silm and Hungarian szem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siːlmɑ/

Noun

sīlma (plural sīlmad)

1. (anatomy) eye
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     glōzizt sīlmad

     glassy eyes

     ku midāgõst um sīlmasõ, siz ta groužõb, vaimi põzāg sizālõs

     when something is in the eye, then it irritates, sharp grit inside [the eye]

     kaddõ siļmšti ~ kaddõ sīlmad jedstõ

     disappear from sight (lit. disappear from eyes)

     ma äb või tǟnda sīlma tutkāmõs kandatõ

     I can't stand him for anything / I hate his guts (lit. I can't stand him in the edge of my eyes ~ as soon as he enters my field of vision, it pisses me off)

     ku lǟb maggõm, siz äb või räukõ, ku tuļļizt kīņḑõld kitābõd siļmi, tīebõd sīlman slikțõ

     when [one] goes to sleep [one] cannot cry, because hot tears burn the eyes, they do harm to the eye

     ta vaņtliz min pǟlõ kõzzizt sīlmadõks

     he looked at me with angry eyes

     sīlmast (~ siļmšti) ulzõ laskõ

     let out of sight (lit. let out of eye ~ eyes)

     tämmõn um nǟr sīlmas

     he has a sty in (his) eye

     tämmõn kazīz nǟr silmõ

     he had a sty grow inside of (his) eye

     ma vaņtliz nōvõn siļmiz

     I was looking death in the eyes

     siļmõz vaņțlõ

     to look in the eye

     siļmi pilktõ (~ piltõ)

     to blink eyes

     siļmšt [siļmšti?] sōņi vȭlgidi

     neck deep in debt (lit. up to the eyes in debt)

     sīlmadõn lǟb pōmi pūol pǟlõ

     eyes roll back (lit. the left side goes over the eyes)

     min um jelāmõst tīedõ ja īd sīlmaks vakțõmõst tǟnda

     I have work to do and to look after him with one eye

2. (knitting) stitch (a loop of yarn)
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     sukā sīlma

     stitch of a (knit) sock

3. mesh (the space between the threads of a (fishing) net)
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     võrgõ sīlma

     net mesh (lit. "an eye of a net")

4. (of a needle or some type of a hole in other tools) eye
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     kirrõ sīlma

     the hole of an ax handle (lit. "ax eye")

Usage notes

Term has variation in its locative forms. Alternative sg. illative form siļmõz, sg. inessive sīlmasõ, pl. illative siļmiz, see quotations.

Declension

Declension of sīlma (34)

	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	sīlma	sīlmad
genitive (genitīv)	sīlma	sīlmad
partitive (partitīv)	silmõ	siļmi
dative (datīv)	sīlman	sīlmadõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	sīlmaks	sīlmadõks
illative (illatīv)	silmõ	siļmži
inessive (inesīv)	sīlmas	siļmši
elative (elatīv)	sīlmast	siļmšti