umbo

See also: ụm bò

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈʌm.bəʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈʌm.boʊ/
• Rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ

Noun

umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)

1. (historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:

     It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.

   • 2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED‎^[1]:

     serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield

2. (biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.
   1. (anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear.
   2. (zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell.
   3. (mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool.

Derived terms

• umbonal
• umbonic

See also

• boss

References

• “umbo”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “umbo”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

• ombu

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈʊm.boː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈum.bo]

Noun

umbō m (genitive umbōnis); third declension

1. boss (of a shield, etc.)
2. elbow (or similar projecting part)

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	umbō	umbōnēs
genitive	umbōnis	umbōnum
dative	umbōnī	umbōnibus
accusative	umbōnem	umbōnēs
ablative	umbōne	umbōnibus
vocative	umbō	umbōnēs

Related terms

• umbilicus

Descendants

• → English: umbo (learned)
• → Italian: umbone (learned)
  • → English: umbone (learned)
• ⇒ Translingual: Umbonium

Further reading

• “umbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “umbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “umbo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “umbo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “umbo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Swahili

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba

Swahili -umba

Proto-Bantu *-ò

Proto-Sabaki *-o

Swahili -o

Swahili umbo

From -umba (“to create”) + -o.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

umbo class V (plural maumbo class VI)

1. shape, form, structure