valvoa

Finnish

Etymology

Possibly ultimately derived from the verb that would become valaa. Cognate to Estonian valvama and Karelian valvuo.

Verb

valvoa

1. (intransitive) to stay up, stay awake (to remain awake, to not go to bed)

   Hän valvoi yli nukkumaanmenoaikansa.

   She stayed up past her bedtime.

2. (transitive + partitive) to oversee, supervise, superintend, guide

   Kongressin tehtävänä on valvoa liittovaltion varojen käyttöä.

   It is congress's duty to oversee the spending of federal funds.

3. to watch, keep an eye on
4. to enforce (law)
5. to supervise, proctor, monitor, invigilate (an examination)

Conjugation

Inflection of valvoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		valvon	en valvo	1st sing.	olen valvonut	en ole valvonut
2nd sing.		valvot	et valvo	2nd sing.	olet valvonut	et ole valvonut
3rd sing.		valvoo	ei valvo	3rd sing.	on valvonut	ei ole valvonut
1st plur.		valvomme	emme valvo	1st plur.	olemme valvoneet	emme ole valvoneet
2nd plur.		valvotte	ette valvo	2nd plur.	olette valvoneet	ette ole valvoneet
3rd plur.		valvovat	eivät valvo	3rd plur.	ovat valvoneet	eivät ole valvoneet
passive		valvotaan	ei valvota	passive	on valvottu	ei ole valvottu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		valvoin	en valvonut	1st sing.	olin valvonut	en ollut valvonut
2nd sing.		valvoit	et valvonut	2nd sing.	olit valvonut	et ollut valvonut
3rd sing.		valvoi	ei valvonut	3rd sing.	oli valvonut	ei ollut valvonut
1st plur.		valvoimme	emme valvoneet	1st plur.	olimme valvoneet	emme olleet valvoneet
2nd plur.		valvoitte	ette valvoneet	2nd plur.	olitte valvoneet	ette olleet valvoneet
3rd plur.		valvoivat	eivät valvoneet	3rd plur.	olivat valvoneet	eivät olleet valvoneet
passive		valvottiin	ei valvottu	passive	oli valvottu	ei ollut valvottu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		valvoisin	en valvoisi	1st sing.	olisin valvonut	en olisi valvonut
2nd sing.		valvoisit	et valvoisi	2nd sing.	olisit valvonut	et olisi valvonut
3rd sing.		valvoisi	ei valvoisi	3rd sing.	olisi valvonut	ei olisi valvonut
1st plur.		valvoisimme	emme valvoisi	1st plur.	olisimme valvoneet	emme olisi valvoneet
2nd plur.		valvoisitte	ette valvoisi	2nd plur.	olisitte valvoneet	ette olisi valvoneet
3rd plur.		valvoisivat	eivät valvoisi	3rd plur.	olisivat valvoneet	eivät olisi valvoneet
passive		valvottaisiin	ei valvottaisi	passive	olisi valvottu	ei olisi valvottu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		valvo	älä valvo	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		valvokoon	älköön valvoko	3rd sing.	olkoon valvonut	älköön olko valvonut
1st plur.		valvokaamme	älkäämme valvoko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		valvokaa	älkää valvoko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		valvokoot	älkööt valvoko	3rd plur.	olkoot valvoneet	älkööt olko valvoneet
passive		valvottakoon	älköön valvottako	passive	olkoon valvottu	älköön olko valvottu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		valvonen	en valvone	1st sing.	lienen valvonut	en liene valvonut
2nd sing.		valvonet	et valvone	2nd sing.	lienet valvonut	et liene valvonut
3rd sing.		valvonee	ei valvone	3rd sing.	lienee valvonut	ei liene valvonut
1st plur.		valvonemme	emme valvone	1st plur.	lienemme valvoneet	emme liene valvoneet
2nd plur.		valvonette	ette valvone	2nd plur.	lienette valvoneet	ette liene valvoneet
3rd plur.		valvonevat	eivät valvone	3rd plur.	lienevät valvoneet	eivät liene valvoneet
passive		valvottaneen	ei valvottane	passive	lienee valvottu	ei liene valvottu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		valvoa		present	valvova	valvottava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st valvoakseni valvoaksemme 2nd valvoaksesi valvoaksenne 3rd valvoakseen valvoaksensa		past	valvonut	valvottu
2nd	inessive2	valvoessa	valvottaessa	agent3	valvoma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st valvoessani valvoessamme 2nd valvoessasi valvoessanne 3rd valvoessaan valvoessansa		negative	valvomaton
	instructive	valvoen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	valvomassa	—
	elative	valvomasta	—
	illative	valvomaan	—
	adessive	valvomalla	—
	abessive	valvomatta	—
	instructive	valvoman	valvottaman
4th4	verbal noun	valvominen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st valvomaisillani valvomaisillamme 2nd valvomaisillasi valvomaisillanne 3rd valvomaisillaan valvomaisillansa

Synonyms

• (to oversee, supervise, superintend): tarkkailla
• (to watch, keep an eye): katsoa

Derived terms

• nouns: valvoja, valvonta, valvetila
• verbs: causative valvottaa
• phrases: valvoa yötä myöten

References

• “valvama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

---

Ingrian

Verb

valvoa

1. watch