verbero

See also: verberó

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwɛr.bɛ.roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈvɛr.be.ro]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Latin verber

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin verberō

From verber (“whip, rod”) + -ō (suffix forming first conjugation verbs).

Verb

verberō (present infinitive verberāre, perfect active verberāvī, supine verberātum); first conjugation

1. to lash, beat, strike

   Synonyms: tangō, percutiō, pellō, feriō, mulcō, discutiō, pulsō, īcō, accīdō, affligō, impingō, percellō

2. (strictly) to whip, scourge, flog

   Synonym: flagellō

   Coordinate term: vāpulō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of verberō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	verberō		verberās		verberat		verberāmus		verberātis		verberant
	imperfect	verberābam		verberābās		verberābat		verberābāmus		verberābātis		verberābant
	future	verberābō		verberābis		verberābit		verberābimus		verberābitis		verberābunt
	perfect	verberāvī		verberāvistī		verberāvit		verberāvimus		verberāvistis		verberāvērunt, verberāvēre
	pluperfect	verberāveram		verberāverās		verberāverat		verberāverāmus		verberāverātis		verberāverant
	future perfect	verberāverō		verberāveris		verberāverit		verberāverimus		verberāveritis		verberāverint
passive	present	verberor		verberāris, verberāre		verberātur		verberāmur		verberāminī		verberantur
	imperfect	verberābar		verberābāris, verberābāre		verberābātur		verberābāmur		verberābāminī		verberābantur
	future	verberābor		verberāberis, verberābere		verberābitur		verberābimur		verberābiminī		verberābuntur
	perfect	verberātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	verberātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	verberātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	verberem		verberēs		verberet		verberēmus		verberētis		verberent
	imperfect	verberārem		verberārēs		verberāret		verberārēmus		verberārētis		verberārent
	perfect	verberāverim		verberāverīs		verberāverit		verberāverīmus		verberāverītis		verberāverint
	pluperfect	verberāvissem		verberāvissēs		verberāvisset		verberāvissēmus		verberāvissētis		verberāvissent
passive	present	verberer		verberēris, verberēre		verberētur		verberēmur		verberēminī		verberentur
	imperfect	verberārer		verberārēris, verberārēre		verberārētur		verberārēmur		verberārēminī		verberārentur
	perfect	verberātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	verberātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		verberā		—		—		verberāte		—
	future	—		verberātō		verberātō		—		verberātōte		verberantō
passive	present	—		verberāre		—		—		verberāminī		—
	future	—		verberātor		verberātor		—		—		verberantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		verberāre			verberārī, verberārier1			verberāns			—
future		verberātūrum esse			verberātum īrī			verberātūrus			verberandus
perfect		verberāvisse			verberātum esse			—			verberātus
future perfect		—			verberātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		verberātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		verberandī		verberandō		verberandum		verberandō		verberātum		verberātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• converberō
• dēverberō
• diverberō
• ēverberō
• reverberō

Descendants

• → English: verberate
• → Italian: verberare
• → Spanish: verberar

Etymology 2

From verber (“whip, rod”) +‎ -ō (suffix forming third declension masculine agent nouns).

For semantic parallels, compare loanword mastīgia related to μάστιξ (mástix, “whip”). Also compare Russian бич (bič) (akin to бить (bitʹ)).

Noun

verberō m (genitive verberōnis); third declension

1. (derogatory) scoundrel, rascal (worthy of being whipped)

   Synonyms: furcifer, mastīgia

   ain' vērō verberō? ― is that so rascal?

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	verberō	verberōnēs
genitive	verberōnis	verberōnum
dative	verberōnī	verberōnibus
accusative	verberōnem	verberōnēs
ablative	verberōne	verberōnibus
vocative	verberō	verberōnēs

References

• “verbero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verbero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verbero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "verbero", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “verbero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to rain missiles on a town, bombard it: oppidum tormentis verberare
    
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “verberate”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Spanish

Verb

verbero

1. first-person singular present indicative of verberar