View source for χάος

==Ancient Greek==
{{wikipedia|Chaos (mythology)}}

===Pronunciation===
{{grc-IPA|χά˘ος}}

===Etymology 1===
Likely related to {{m|grc|χαῦνος|t=porous, loose-grained}} (via an earlier form {{m|grc||χάος}} < {{m|grc||*χάϝος}}), with original meaning "hole, empty space, yawning opening"; from this spring the traditional connections with {{m|grc|χάσκω|t=I gape, yawn}}, {{m|grc|χήμη|t=gaping; clam}}. If so, then likely from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*ǵʰeh₂-|*gʰeh₂-|to yawn, gape}}; cognates thus include {{cog|gem-pro|*gōmô|t=gum, palate}} and {{cog|lt|gomurỹs|t=palate}} (< {{m|ine-pro||*gʰéh₂mr̥/n-}}). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to "mouth" before shifting to "palate".<ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|1614|χάος, έος, όυς}}</ref>

An alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with {{noncog|ccs-gzn-pro|*qew-|t=ravine}}.<ref>{{R:grc:Furnee:1979|page=34}}</ref>

The oft-compared {{m|grc|χώρα||open space, place}} is likely not related.

====Noun====
{{grc-noun|head=χᾰ́ος|χᾰ́εος|gen2=χᾰ́ους|n|third}} {{tlb|grc|singular only|uncountable}}

# [[chaos]], the primordial state of existence
# [[space]], [[air]]
# [[abyss]], [[chasm]]
# [[infinite]] [[darkness]]

=====Declension=====
Normally, only in singular; but ''χάη'' occasionally found. <!-- cannot find a citation. Μust be Ariophantes -->
{{grc-decl|χᾰ́ος|ους|form=n-S}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|el|χάος}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|chaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|քաոս}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|kaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|gas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ქაოსი}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|la|chaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|ха́о́с}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|zle-ort|хаосъ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|kaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|kaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|chaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|kaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|kaaos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|カオス}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|kaos}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Adjective====
{{grc-adj-2nd|head=χᾰ́ος|χᾰ́ον}}

# {{alternative spelling of|grc|χάϊος|t=genuine, true}}

=====Declension=====
{{grc-adecl|χᾰ́ος|ον}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{R:LSJ}}
* {{R:Middle Liddell}}
* {{R:Bailly}}
* {{R:Woodhouse|1006}}

==Greek==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|el|grc|χάος}}. For sense ''disorder, mess'', {{sl|el|fr|chaos|nocap=1}} (in that sense) from Latin {{m|la|chaos}}, from Ancient Greek {{m|grc|χάος}}.<ref>{{R:DSMG}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|el|/ˈxa.os/}}
* {{hyphenation|el|χά|ος}}

===Noun===
{{el-noun|n}}

# {{lb|el|singular only}} [[chaos]]
# {{lb|el|singular only|figuratively}} [[disorder]], [[mess]]
# {{lb|el|singular only|mathematics}} [[chaos]]
{{anchor|el_plural}}

====Usage notes====
* Normally, there is no plural: no {{l|el|[[τα]] [[χάη]]|t=the [[chaoses]]}} outside of poetry.<ref>[http://www.greek-language.gr/digitalResources/literature/tools/concordance/search.html?lq=word:19782&start=50 ''χάη'' in greek poetry] at [http://www.greek-language.gr greek-language.gr] retr:2018.09.24.</ref>
#*[[w:Kostas Karyotakis|Kostas Karyotakis]], poem «Φύγε, η καρδιά μου νοσταλγεί» ("Go, my heart is nostalgic") from collection ''Ελεγεία και Σάτιρες'' (Elegia and Satires), published in '''1927'''. ([[:el:s:Φύγε, η καρδιά μου νοσταλγεί|Greek text]])
#*: {{quote|el|Φύγε κι ἄσε με μοναχό, ποὺ βλέπω νὰ πληθαίνη<br>ἀπάνω ἡ νύχτα, καὶ βαθιὰ νὰ γίνωνται τὰ '''χάη'''.|Go and leave me alone looking at the growing<br>night upon [me], and the deepening '''chaoses'''.|tr=Fýge ki áse me monachó, pou vlépo na plithaíni<br>apáno i nýchta, kai vathiá na gínontai ta '''chái'''.}}

====Declension====
{{el-nN-ος-2a|χά|note=Plural ''χάη'', as in literature.}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|disorder, chaos}} {{l|el|ακαταστασία|g=f}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|el|[[η#Article|η]] [[θεωρία του χάους]]|t=the chaos theory}} {{q|mathematics}}
* {{l|el|χαοτικός|t=chaotic}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|lang=el}}

{{cln|el|terms with quotations}}