שכר

See also: שׂכר

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׂ־כ־ר (ś-k-r)

Verb

שָׂכַר • (sakhár) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִשְׂכַּר)

1. to hire, rent

Conjugation

Conjugation of שָׂכַר (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לשכור / לִשְׂכֹּר action noun: שְׂכִירָה passive participle: שָׂכוּר
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	שָׂכַרְתִּי		שָׂכַרְנוּ
	second	שָׂכַרְתָּ	שָׂכַרְתְּ	שְׂכַרְתֶּם1	שְׂכַרְתֶּן1
	third	שָׂכַר	שָׂכְרָה	שָׂכְרוּ
present		שׂוֹכֵר	שׂוֹכֶרֶת	שׂוֹכְרִים	שׂוֹכְרוֹת
future	first	אשכור / אֶשְׂכֹּר		נשכור / נִשְׂכֹּר
	second	תשכור / תִּשְׂכֹּר	תִּשְׂכְּרִי	תִּשְׂכְּרוּ	תשכורנה / תִּשְׂכֹּרְנָה2
	third	ישכור / יִשְׂכֹּר	תשכור / תִּשְׂכֹּר	יִשְׂכְּרוּ	תשכורנה / תִּשְׂכֹּרְנָה2
imperative		שכור / שְׂכֹר	שִׂכְרִי	שִׂכְרוּ	שכורנה / שְׂכֹרְנָה2
notes		Pronounced שָׂכַרְתֶּם and שָׂכַרְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Noun

שָׂכָר • (sakhár) m (no plural forms, singular construct שְׂכַר־) [pattern: קָטָל]

1. wage, salary

   שכר המינימום ― skhar-hamínimum ― the minimum wage

2. payment
3. reward
4. fee

   שכר דירה ― skhar-dirá ― rent (literally apartment fee)

   שכר לימוד ― skhar-limúd ― tuition (literally study fee)

Synonyms

• (reward): פְּרָס

Descendants

• → Yiddish: שׂכר (skhar)

Noun

שֶׂכֶר • (sékher) m [pattern: קֶטֶל]

1. charter plane, boat, bus, etc.

Further reading

• H7936 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Root
שׁ־כ־ר (š-k-r)

From Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Compare Arabic سَكِرَ (sakira, “to get drunk, to become intoxicated”) and سَكَر (sakar, “intoxicant, wine”).

Verb

שָׁכַר • (shakhár) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)

1. to be or become drunk

Noun

שֵׁכָר • (shekhár) m

1. liquor, intoxicating drink
   • 13th century, anonymous poet, quoted in Yehuda Alharizi, Sefer Tahkemoni:

     לו שר בנו־עמרם פני דודי מתאדמים העת שתות שכר,
     ויפי קצותיו והוד יופיו, לא חק בתורתו: ואת זכר.

     Had the son of Amram seen the face of my beloved reddened from the foolishness of liquor,
     and the beauty of his extremities and the majesty of his beauty, he would not have written in his Torah: "and with a man [do not lie]".

Descendants

• → Ancient Greek: σίκερα (síkera)
  • → Latin: sīcera
    • → Middle English: ciser, siser, cisar, seser, cyser, sicer, syser, cisere
      • → English: cyser
    • Old French: cisdre, sidre
      • → Breton: sistr
      • French: cidre
        • → German: Cidre
        • → Polish: cydr
        • → Romanian: cidru
        • → Russian: сидр (sidr)
        • → Ukrainian: сидр (sydr)
      • → Middle Dutch: sider
        • Dutch: cider
      • → Middle English: sider, sedyr, cedyr, sydyr, cidre, sidre, syder, sydur, siþer, sythere, sydir, sidur, sithir, cyther, cyder
        • English: cider
          • → Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
          • → Finnish: siideri
          • → Jersey Dutch: sâiter
          • → Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
          • → Korean: 사이다 (saida)
        • Scots: cedar (obsolete)
        • → Welsh: seidr
      • → Galician: sidra
      • → Spanish: sidra
        • → Catalan: sidra
        • → Tagalog: sidra
      • → Italian: sidro.

Verb

שִׁכֵּר • (shikér) third-singular masculine past (pi'el construction)

1. defective spelling of שיכר

References

• H7941 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

References

• H7937 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• H7941 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible