بكر

See also: پکر and بکر

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ب ك ر (b-k-r). Compare Hebrew בְּכוֹר (bəḵōr, “firstborn”).

Verb

بَكَرَ • (bakara) I (non-past يَبْكُرُ (yabkuru), verbal noun بُكُور (bukūr))

1. to be early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘at something’]
2. to come early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
3. to get up early

Conjugation

    Conjugation of بَكَرَ (I, sound, a ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun بُكُور)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بُكُور bukūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَاكِر bākir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَبْكُور mabkūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَكَرْتُ bakartu	بَكَرْتَ bakarta	بَكَرَ bakara		بَكَرْتُمَا bakartumā	بَكَرَا bakarā		بَكَرْنَا bakarnā	بَكَرْتُمْ bakartum	بَكَرُوا bakarū
	f		بَكَرْتِ bakarti	بَكَرَتْ bakarat			بَكَرَتَا bakaratā			بَكَرْتُنَّ bakartunna	بَكَرْنَ bakarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبْكُرُ ʔabkuru	تَبْكُرُ tabkuru	يَبْكُرُ yabkuru		تَبْكُرَانِ tabkurāni	يَبْكُرَانِ yabkurāni		نَبْكُرُ nabkuru	تَبْكُرُونَ tabkurūna	يَبْكُرُونَ yabkurūna
	f		تَبْكُرِينَ tabkurīna	تَبْكُرُ tabkuru			تَبْكُرَانِ tabkurāni			تَبْكُرْنَ tabkurna	يَبْكُرْنَ yabkurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبْكُرَ ʔabkura	تَبْكُرَ tabkura	يَبْكُرَ yabkura		تَبْكُرَا tabkurā	يَبْكُرَا yabkurā		نَبْكُرَ nabkura	تَبْكُرُوا tabkurū	يَبْكُرُوا yabkurū
	f		تَبْكُرِي tabkurī	تَبْكُرَ tabkura			تَبْكُرَا tabkurā			تَبْكُرْنَ tabkurna	يَبْكُرْنَ yabkurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبْكُرْ ʔabkur	تَبْكُرْ tabkur	يَبْكُرْ yabkur		تَبْكُرَا tabkurā	يَبْكُرَا yabkurā		نَبْكُرْ nabkur	تَبْكُرُوا tabkurū	يَبْكُرُوا yabkurū
	f		تَبْكُرِي tabkurī	تَبْكُرْ tabkur			تَبْكُرَا tabkurā			تَبْكُرْنَ tabkurna	يَبْكُرْنَ yabkurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُبْكُرْ ubkur			اُبْكُرَا ubkurā				اُبْكُرُوا ubkurū
	f		اُبْكُرِي ubkurī							اُبْكُرْنَ ubkurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	بُكِرَ bukira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُبْكَرُ yubkaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُبْكَرَ yubkara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُبْكَرْ yubkar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Verb

بَكَّرَ • (bakkara) II (non-past يُبَكِّرُ (yubakkiru), verbal noun تَبْكِير (tabkīr))

1. to be early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘at something’]
2. to come early [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to something’]
3. to get up early
4. to early or prematurely [with فِي (fī) or بِ (bi, + verbal noun) ‘do something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of بَكَّرَ (II, sound, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun تَبْكِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَبْكِير tabkīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُبَكِّر mubakkir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُبَكَّر mubakkar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَكَّرْتُ bakkartu	بَكَّرْتَ bakkarta	بَكَّرَ bakkara		بَكَّرْتُمَا bakkartumā	بَكَّرَا bakkarā		بَكَّرْنَا bakkarnā	بَكَّرْتُمْ bakkartum	بَكَّرُوا bakkarū
	f		بَكَّرْتِ bakkarti	بَكَّرَتْ bakkarat			بَكَّرَتَا bakkaratā			بَكَّرْتُنَّ bakkartunna	بَكَّرْنَ bakkarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُبَكِّرُ ʔubakkiru	تُبَكِّرُ tubakkiru	يُبَكِّرُ yubakkiru		تُبَكِّرَانِ tubakkirāni	يُبَكِّرَانِ yubakkirāni		نُبَكِّرُ nubakkiru	تُبَكِّرُونَ tubakkirūna	يُبَكِّرُونَ yubakkirūna
	f		تُبَكِّرِينَ tubakkirīna	تُبَكِّرُ tubakkiru			تُبَكِّرَانِ tubakkirāni			تُبَكِّرْنَ tubakkirna	يُبَكِّرْنَ yubakkirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُبَكِّرَ ʔubakkira	تُبَكِّرَ tubakkira	يُبَكِّرَ yubakkira		تُبَكِّرَا tubakkirā	يُبَكِّرَا yubakkirā		نُبَكِّرَ nubakkira	تُبَكِّرُوا tubakkirū	يُبَكِّرُوا yubakkirū
	f		تُبَكِّرِي tubakkirī	تُبَكِّرَ tubakkira			تُبَكِّرَا tubakkirā			تُبَكِّرْنَ tubakkirna	يُبَكِّرْنَ yubakkirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُبَكِّرْ ʔubakkir	تُبَكِّرْ tubakkir	يُبَكِّرْ yubakkir		تُبَكِّرَا tubakkirā	يُبَكِّرَا yubakkirā		نُبَكِّرْ nubakkir	تُبَكِّرُوا tubakkirū	يُبَكِّرُوا yubakkirū
	f		تُبَكِّرِي tubakkirī	تُبَكِّرْ tubakkir			تُبَكِّرَا tubakkirā			تُبَكِّرْنَ tubakkirna	يُبَكِّرْنَ yubakkirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		بَكِّرْ bakkir			بَكِّرَا bakkirā				بَكِّرُوا bakkirū
	f		بَكِّرِي bakkirī							بَكِّرْنَ bakkirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	بُكِّرَ bukkira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُبَكَّرُ yubakkaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُبَكَّرَ yubakkara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُبَكَّرْ yubakkar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Proper noun

بَكْر • (bakr) m

1. a male given name, Bakr
   • أبو بكر، بو بكر ― The father of Bakr

Declension

Declension of noun بَكْر (bakr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	بَكْر bakr	—
Nominative	—	بَكْرٌ bakrun	—
Accusative	—	بَكْرًا bakran	—
Genitive	—	بَكْرٍ bakrin	—

Noun

بِكْر • (bikr) m (plural أَبْكَار (ʔabkār))

1. firstborn child
2. male or female virgin, celibate
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:36:

     فَجَعَلْنَاهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا

     fajaʕalnāhunna ʔabkāran

     And [we] made them virgins

   • Traditional, “يَا مَرْيَمُ الْبِكْرُ فُقْتِ [O Virgin Mary Ye Surpassed]”‎^[1]:

     يَا مَرْيَمُ الْبِكْرُ فُقْتِ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَكُلَّ نَجْمٍ بِأَفْلَاكِ السَّمَاءِ سَرَى

     yā maryamu l-bikru fuqti š-šamsa wālqamara wakulla najmin biʔaflāki s-samāʔi sarā

     O Virgin Mary, ye surpassed the sun and the moon and all the stars that orbited the heavenly spheres by night.

Declension

Declension of noun بِكْر (bikr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِكْر bikr	الْبِكْر al-bikr	بِكْر bikr
Nominative	بِكْرٌ bikrun	الْبِكْرُ al-bikru	بِكْرُ bikru
Accusative	بِكْرًا bikran	الْبِكْرَ al-bikra	بِكْرَ bikra
Genitive	بِكْرٍ bikrin	الْبِكْرِ al-bikri	بِكْرِ bikri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِكْرَيْن bikrayn	الْبِكْرَيْن al-bikrayn	بِكْرَيْ bikray
Nominative	بِكْرَانِ bikrāni	الْبِكْرَانِ al-bikrāni	بِكْرَا bikrā
Accusative	بِكْرَيْنِ bikrayni	الْبِكْرَيْنِ al-bikrayni	بِكْرَيْ bikray
Genitive	بِكْرَيْنِ bikrayni	الْبِكْرَيْنِ al-bikrayni	بِكْرَيْ bikray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبْكَار ʔabkār	الْأَبْكَار al-ʔabkār	أَبْكَار ʔabkār
Nominative	أَبْكَارٌ ʔabkārun	الْأَبْكَارُ al-ʔabkāru	أَبْكَارُ ʔabkāru
Accusative	أَبْكَارًا ʔabkāran	الْأَبْكَارَ al-ʔabkāra	أَبْكَارَ ʔabkāra
Genitive	أَبْكَارٍ ʔabkārin	الْأَبْكَارِ al-ʔabkāri	أَبْكَارِ ʔabkāri

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: بكار (bekâr)
  • Turkish: bekâr
  • → Albanian: beqar
  • → Armenian: պէքեար (pēkʻear)
  • → Greek: μπεκιάρης (bekiáris)
  • → Macedonian: беќар (beḱar)
  • → Romanian: becher
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бѐћа̄р

    Latin script: bèćār

• → Persian: بکر (bekr)

Noun

بُكَر • (bukar) pl

1. plural of بُكْرَة (bukra)

Gulf Arabic

Noun

بَكَّر • (transliteration needed) m (plural بَكَّرَات)

1. (dialectal) a pair of pliers

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بِكْر (bikr, “firstborn; virgin”). Doublet of بكار (bekâr, “bachelor”).

Adjective

بكر • (bikr or bikir)

1. virgin, chaste, in a state of virginity, not having had sexual intercourse

Noun

بكر • (bikr or bikir) (definite accusative بكری (bikri), plural ابكار (ebkâr))

1. firstborn, firstling, the first child born to in the birth order of a couple through childbirth

   Synonym: نخست زاد (nuhust zad)

2. virgin, maid, vestal, a woman or female animal who has never had any sexual intercourse

   Synonyms: بتول (betul), دوشیزه (duşize)

3. (of a woman) virginity, maidenhood, the state or characteristic of being a virgin or a maiden

   Synonyms: بكارت (bekâret), قیزلق (kızlık)

4. hymen, maidenhead, a membrane which occludes the vaginal opening in human females

   Synonyms: بكارت (bekâret), قیزلق (kızlık)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bikr”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 602
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “bikr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 129
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 272
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Virgo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1768
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 862
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bikir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 376

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ب ك ر
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic بَكَّرَ (bakkara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bak.kar/, [ˈbak.kar]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

بكّر • (bakkar) II (present ببكّر (bibakker))

1. to be early

   Antonym: تأخّر (tʔaḵḵar)

Conjugation

Conjugation of بكّر (bakkar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	بكّرت (bakkart)	بكّرت (bakkart)	بكّر (bakkar)		بكّرنا (bakkarna)	بكّرتو (bakkartu)	بكّرو (bakkaru)
	f		بكّرتي (bakkarti)	بكّرت (bakkarat)
present	m	ببكّر (babakker)	بتبكّر (bitbakker)	ببكّر (bibakker)		منبكّر (minbakker)	بتبكّرو (bitbakkru)	ببكّرو (bibakkru)
	f		بتبكّري (bitbakkri)	بتبكّر (bitbakker)
subjunctive	m	ابكّر (abakker)	تبكّر (tbakker)	يبكّر (ybakker)		نبكّر (nbakker)	تبكّرو (tbakkru)	يبكّرو (ybakkru)
	f		تبكّري (tbakkri)	تبكّر (tbakker)
imperative	m		بكّر (bakker)				بكّرو (bakkru)
	f		بكّري (bakkri)

See also

• بكّير (bakkīr, “early”)