退

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

退 (radical 162 辵+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜日女 (YAV), four-corner 3730₃, composition ⿺辶艮)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1256, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38839
Dae Jaweon: page 1740, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3834, character 4
Unihan data for U+9000

Chinese[edit]

		-
simp. and trad.		退

Etymology[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意): ⻌ (“move”) + 夊 (“walk”) + 日 (“sun”) – to walk away from the sun, to retreat.

Current form is essentially ⻌ + 艮, where the unrelated 艮 is a simplification of 日 + 夊 – in careful writing the form may be slightly different (notably in the lower right component being separated and convex, rather than attached and concave), reflecting different etymology.

Cognate with 褪.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): tuì (tui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): teoi³
Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): thui
Min Dong (BUC): tó̤i
Min Nan (POJ): thè / thòe
Wu (WT Romanisation): the (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: tuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ
  - Wade-Giles: t'ui⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuey
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
  - (file)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: teoi³
  - Yale: teui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toei³
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɵy̯³³/
Hakka
- Romanisations:
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui
  - IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /tʰu̯i⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tó̤i
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɔy²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè / thòe
  - Tâi-lô: thè / thuè
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹/, /tʰue¹¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰe²¹/, /tʰue²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - WT Romanisation: the (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰᴇ³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (退, reconstructed)
Character (退), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 透 (6) Final: 灰 Division: I			Openness: Closed Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 他内切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/tʰuʌi^H/	/tʰuɑ̆i^H/	/tʰuᴀi^H/	/tʰuoi^H/	/tʰwəj^H/	/tʰuɒi^H/	/tʰuɒi^H/

Old Chinese pronunciation (退, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character		Modern Beijing (Pinyin)			Middle Chinese		Old Chinese			English
退		tuì			‹ thwoj^H ›		/*n̥ ˤ[u]p-s/			withdraw (≠ advance)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	No.		Phonetic component	Rime group		Rime subdivision		Corresponding MC rime	Old Chinese		Notes
退	12536		退	內		3			/*n̥ʰuːbs/		由說文從彳從日夊隸變，或從彳內聲