鷹

See also: 鹰

鷹 U+9DF9, 鷹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9DF9 ← 鷸 [U+9DF8] CJK Unified Ideographs 鷺 → [U+9DFA]

Translingual

Han character

鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸䧹鳥)

Derived characters

• 𪿅, 𬷺, 𪈾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1501, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
• Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9DF9

Chinese

trad.		鷹
simp.		鹰
2nd round simp.		⿰应鸟
alternative forms		䧹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
應	*qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹	*qɯŋ
膺	*qɯŋ
譍	*qɯŋs
噟	*qɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology

This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): in¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ên / yîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yin¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): ing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): áing
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): eng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): êng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹in
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ying
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
    • Palladius: ин (in)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jing¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: in¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên / yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: en^ˊ / in^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: en¹ / yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /en²⁴/, /in²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên / yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: en^ˊ / (r)in^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: en¹ / yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /en²⁴/, /(j)in²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: áing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
    • Tâi-lô: ing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: êng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹in
    • MiniDict: in^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: in¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'ing

Rime
Character	鷹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於陵切
Baxter	'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鷹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔing ›
Old Chinese	/*[q](r)əŋ/
English	eagle, falcon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鷹
Reading #	1/1
No.	15347
Phonetic component	鷹
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	膺
Old Chinese	/*qɯŋ/
Notes	說文正體從隹瘖省聲， 此爲籀文

Definitions

鷹

1. a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)

   禿鷹／秃鹰  ―  tūyīng  ―  vulture

   雀鷹／雀鹰  ―  quèyīng  ―  sparrowhawk

   貓頭鷹／猫头鹰  ―  māotóuyīng  ―  owl

Compounds

• 兀鷹／兀鹰 (wùyīng)
• 南鷂北鷹／南鹞北鹰
• 夜鷹／夜鹰 (yèyīng)
• 天鷹星座／天鹰星座
• 如鷹在籠／如鹰在笼
• 按鷹／按鹰
• 放鷹／放鹰 (fàngyīng)
• 放鷹逐犬／放鹰逐犬
• 熬鷹／熬鹰
• 犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
• 獵鷹／猎鹰 (lièyīng)
• 禿鷹／秃鹰 (tūyīng)
• 老鷹／老鹰 (lǎoyīng)
• 蒼鷹／苍鹰 (cāngyīng)
• 虎嘯鷹揚／虎啸鹰扬
• 虎視鷹瞵／虎视鹰瞵
• 見兔放鷹／见兔放鹰
• 角鷹／角鹰
• 貓頭鷹／猫头鹰 (māotóuyīng)
• 雀鷹／雀鹰
• 韝上鷹／𫖕上鹰
• 飛鷹走犬／飞鹰走犬
• 飛鷹走狗／飞鹰走狗
• 飛鷹走馬／飞鹰走马
• 飢鷹餓虎／饥鹰饿虎
• 餓虎飢鷹／饿虎饥鹰
• 魚鷹／鱼鹰 (yúyīng)
• 鷂鷹／鹞鹰 (yàoyīng)
• 鷹勾鼻／鹰勾鼻
• 鷹師／鹰师
• 鷹式飛彈／鹰式飞弹
• 鷹抓燕雀／鹰抓燕雀
• 鷹揚／鹰扬 (yīngyáng)
• 鷹揚宴／鹰扬宴
• 鷹揚虎視／鹰扬虎视
• 鷹擊毛摯／鹰击毛挚
• 鷹架／鹰架
• 鷹洋／鹰洋 (yīngyáng)
• 鷹派／鹰派 (yīngpài)
• 鷹爪／鹰爪
• 鷹爪功／鹰爪功
• 鷹爪毛兒／鹰爪毛儿
• 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
• 鷹瞵鶚視／鹰瞵鹗视
• 鷹視／鹰视 (yīngshì)
• 鷹視狼步／鹰视狼步
• 鷹視狼顧／鹰视狼顾
• 鷹覷鶻望／鹰觑鹘望
• 鷹鸇／鹰鹯
• 鷹鼻鷂眼／鹰鼻鹞眼

 

References

• “鷹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

鷹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. eagle
2. falcon
3. hawk

Readings

• Go-on: おう (ō)
• Kan-on: よう (yō)
• Kun: たか (taka, 鷹)、くち (kuchi, 鷹)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鷹
たか Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Compare Ainu タカ (taka, “hawk”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たか [tàká] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ka̠]

Noun

鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka) 

1. a hawk (predatory bird)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ.

Derived terms

• 鷹(たか)の爪(つめ) (takanotsume)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鷹
くち Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry.

【くち】 [noun] 鷹: (obsolete) hawk

(This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

鷹 (eumhun 매 응 (mae eung))

1. hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

鷹: Hán Việt readings: ưng
鷹: Nôm readings: ưng