dzert

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtei. Cognates include Lithuanian gerti and Latvian dzert.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd͡zʲæ̂rt]
• Hyphenation: dzert

Verb

dzert

1. (transitive) to drink

   Maņ pateik dzert vīnogu soku.

   I like drinking grape juice.

2. (transitive) to take (medicine)

Conjugation

Positive conjugation of dzert (type I verb)

infinitive	dzert
supine	dzertu
verbal noun	dzeršona
	indicative
	past	present	future
1st singular	dzeru	dzeru	dzeršu
2nd singular	dzeri	dzer	dzersi
3rd singular	dzere	dzer	dzers
1st plural	dzerem	dzeram	dzersim
2nd plural	dzeret	dzerat	dzersit
3rd plural	dzere	dzer	dzers
	subjunctive		imperative
1st singular	dzertum	singular	dzer
2nd singular	dzertim dzertumi	plural	dzerit
3rd singular	dzertu
1st plural	dzertumem	debitive	juodzer
2nd plural	dzertumet	converb	dzerdams
3rd plural	dzertu
	participles
	past	present	future
active	dzers dzeris	dzerūšs dzers	—
passive	dzerts	dzeroms dzerom	—
oblique	dzers dzeris	dzers dzerūt	dzerškys dzeršūt

Negative conjugation of dzert (type I verb)

infinitive	nadzert
supine	nadzertu
verbal noun	nadzeršona
	indicative
	past	present	future
1st singular	nadzeru	nadzeru	nadzeršu
2nd singular	nadzeri	nadzer	nadzersi
3rd singular	nadzere	nadzer	nadzers
1st plural	nadzerem	nadzeram	nadzersim
2nd plural	nadzeret	nadzerat	nadzersit
3rd plural	nadzere	nadzer	nadzers
	subjunctive		imperative
1st singular	nadzertum	singular	nadzer
2nd singular	nadzertim nadzertumi	plural	nadzerit
3rd singular	nadzertu
1st plural	nadzertumem	debitive	najuodzer
2nd plural	nadzertumet	converb	nadzerdams
3rd plural	nadzertu
	participles
	past	present	future
active	nadzers nadzeris	nadzerūšs nadzers	—
passive	nadzerts	nadzeroms nadzerom	—
oblique	nadzers nadzeris	nadzers nadzerūt	nadzerškys nadzeršūt

References

• A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 138

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *ger-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷer-, *gʷor-, *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”). The meaning “to drink” is attested only in Baltic languages. Cognates include Lithuanian gérti, Sudovian terd (< *gert), Old Prussian girtwei (“to praise”) (< “to drink in praise of”), Proto-Slavic *žьrati < *gьrati (Russian жрать (žratʹ, “to gobble, to devour”), Czech žrati, Polish żreć), Sanskrit गिरति (giráti, “to eat, to gobble”), Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”), βορά (borá, “food, meat, bite”) (< *gʷor-), Latin vorāre (“to devour”) (< *gʷor-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dzɛɾ̂t]

(file)

Verb

dzert (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present dzeru, dzer, dzer, past dzēru)

1. to drink (to take a liquid into the mouth and swallow it)

   dzert kafiju, tēju, vīnu ― to drink coffee, tea, wine

   teļš dzer pienu ― the calf is drinking milk

   putni dzer ūdeni ― birds drink water

   visu mūžu labprāt esmu dzēris alu ― I have drunk beer with pleasure my whole life

2. (intransitive) to drink (to satisfy one's thirst)

   govis sanāk pie dīķa dzert ― the cows came by the pond to drink

   “dzert gribas,” puika sūrojās ― “I'm thirsty (lit. I want to drink),” the boy complained

3. (of medicine) to take, to ingest (with a liquid)

   dzert zāles ― to take medicine

   dzert aspirīna tableti ― to take an aspirin tablet

4. (figuratively) to enjoy (light, air, climate)

   viņa dzēra vasaru kā zieds, kas atplaucis vienai dienai ― she drank the summer like a flower that blossoms (only) for one day

5. (intransitive) to drink (to consume alcoholic beverages frequently, systematically)

   vīrs dzer tikai tad, ja mājās viss nav kārtībā ― a husband drinks only when everything is not in order at home

   tad viņš iesāka dzert: vakaru pēc vakara viņš streipuļodams no kroga pārnāca mājā ― then he began to drink: night after night he came home staggering from the bar

6. to drink (an alcoholic beverage) to the honor of someone, of a celebration), to celebrate (weddings, baptisms, funerals)

   tagad, Aivar, es dzeru uz jūsu laimi! ― now, Aivars, I drink to your happiness!

   kāzu godu mēs dzērām, kāzu dziesmas dziedājām ― we drank (in honor of) the wedding, we sang wedding songs

   tagad jādzer Brīviņa bēres ― now (we) have to drink (= celebrate) Brīviņš's funeral

   pēdīgi viņš vaicāja, kad Kristīne vēloties, lai tiktu kāzas dzertas? ― finally he asked when Kristīne wanted that the wedding be drunk (= celebrated)

Conjugation

conjugation of dzert

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	dzeru	dzēru	dzeršu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	dzer	dzēri	dzersi	dzer
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	dzer	dzēra	dzers	lai dzer
1st pers. pl.	mēs	dzeram	dzērām	dzersim	dzersim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	dzerat	dzērāt	dzersiet, dzersit	dzeriet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	dzer	dzēra	dzers	lai dzer
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	dzerot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		dzerošs
Past	esot dzēris		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		dzerdams
Future	dzeršot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		dzerot
Imperative	lai dzerot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		dzeram
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		dzēris
Present	dzertu		Present Passive		dzerams
Past	būtu dzēris		Past Passive		dzerts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jādzer		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		dzert
Conjunctive 1	esot jādzer		Negative Infinitive		nedzert
Conjunctive 2	jādzerot		Verbal noun		dzeršana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aizdzert
• apdzert
• atdzert
• iedzert
• izdzert
• nodzert
• padzert
• piedzert
• sadzert
• uzdzert

other derived terms:

• dzērājs, dzērāja
• dzērējs, dzērēja
• dzēriens
• dzertuve

See also

• ēst