gratar

See also: grătar

Catalan

Etymology

Of Germanic origin; probably borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch. Compare French gratter, Italian grattare, Sicilian grattari.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ɡɾəˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ɡɾaˈtaɾ]
• Homophone: gratà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

gratar (first-person singular present grato, first-person singular preterite gratí, past participle gratat)

1. to scratch (with the nails)

   Synonym: rascar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratar (first conjugation)

infinitive			gratar
gerund			gratant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gratat		gratada
		plural		gratats		gratades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	grato	grates	grata	gratem	grateu	graten
	imperfect	gratava	grataves	gratava	gratàvem	gratàveu	grataven
	future	grataré	grataràs	gratarà	gratarem	gratareu	grataran
	preterite	gratí	gratares	gratà	gratàrem	gratàreu	grataren
	conditional	grataria	grataries	grataria	grataríem	grataríeu	gratarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	grati	gratis	grati	gratem	grateu	gratin
	imperfect	gratés	gratessis	gratés	gratéssim	gratéssiu	gratessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	grata	grati	gratem	grateu	gratin
	negative (no)	—	no gratis	no grati	no gratem	no grateu	no gratin

Derived terms

• grata-sòl
• gratabous
• gratacel
• gratacul
• gratada
• gratador
• grataesquena
• gratament

 

Further reading

• “gratar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “gratar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “gratar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gratar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto grati, English grate, French gratter, Italian grattare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡraˈtar/

Verb

gratar (present tense gratas, past tense gratis, future tense gratos, imperative gratez, conditional gratus)

1. (transitive) to scrape (against), scratch (lightly)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratar

		present		past		future
infinitive		gratar		gratir		grator
tense		gratas		gratis		gratos
conditional		gratus
imperative		gratez
adjective active participle		gratanta		gratinta		gratonta
adverbial active participle		gratante		gratinte		gratonte
nominal active participle	singular	gratanto		gratinto		gratonto
	plural	gratanti		gratinti		gratonti
adjective passive participle		gratata		gratita		gratota
adverbial passive participle		gratate		gratite		gratote
nominal passive participle	singular	gratato		gratito		gratoto
	plural	gratati		gratiti		gratoti

Derived terms

• gratigar

 

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Occitan or Provençal gratar (“to scratch”), of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾaˈtaɾ/ [ɡɾaˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gra‧tar

Verb

gratar (first-person singular present grato, first-person singular preterite graté, past participle gratado)

1. (transitive) to clean or polish with a wire brush

   El herrero grató la pieza de metal para darle un acabado suave.

   The blacksmith polished the piece of metal to give it a smooth finish.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gratar
gerund			gratando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gratado		gratada
		plural		gratados		gratadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	grato	gratastú gratásvos	grata	gratamos	gratáis	gratan
	imperfect	grataba	gratabas	grataba	gratábamos	gratabais	grataban
	preterite	graté	grataste	grató	gratamos	gratasteis	grataron
	future	grataré	gratarás	gratará	grataremos	grataréis	gratarán
	conditional	grataría	gratarías	grataría	grataríamos	grataríais	gratarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	grate	gratestú gratésvos2	grate	gratemos	gratéis	graten
	imperfect (ra)	gratara	grataras	gratara	gratáramos	gratarais	grataran
	imperfect (se)	gratase	gratases	gratase	gratásemos	grataseis	gratasen
	future1	gratare	gratares	gratare	gratáremos	gratareis	grataren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gratatú gratávos	grate	gratemos	gratad	graten
	negative		no grates	no grate	no gratemos	no gratéis	no graten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gratar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gratar
	dative	gratarme	gratarte	gratarle, gratarse	gratarnos	grataros	gratarles, gratarse
	accusative	gratarme	gratarte	gratarlo, gratarla, gratarse	gratarnos	grataros	gratarlos, gratarlas, gratarse
with gerund gratando
	dative	gratándome	gratándote	gratándole, gratándose	gratándonos	gratándoos	gratándoles, gratándose
	accusative	gratándome	gratándote	gratándolo, gratándola, gratándose	gratándonos	gratándoos	gratándolos, gratándolas, gratándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative grata
	dative	grátame	grátate	grátale	grátanos	not used	grátales
	accusative	grátame	grátate	grátalo, grátala	grátanos	not used	grátalos, grátalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gratá
	dative	gratame	gratate	gratale	gratanos	not used	gratales
	accusative	gratame	gratate	gratalo, gratala	gratanos	not used	gratalos, gratalas
with formal second-person singular imperative grate
	dative	gráteme	not used	grátele, grátese	grátenos	not used	gráteles
	accusative	gráteme	not used	grátelo, grátela, grátese	grátenos	not used	grátelos, grátelas
with first-person plural imperative gratemos
	dative	not used	gratémoste	gratémosle	gratémonos	gratémoos	gratémosles
	accusative	not used	gratémoste	gratémoslo, gratémosla	gratémonos	gratémoos	gratémoslos, gratémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gratad
	dative	gratadme	not used	gratadle	gratadnos	grataos	gratadles
	accusative	gratadme	not used	gratadlo, gratadla	gratadnos	grataos	gratadlos, gratadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative graten
	dative	grátenme	not used	grátenle	grátennos	not used	grátenles, grátense
	accusative	grátenme	not used	grátenlo, grátenla	grátennos	not used	grátenlos, grátenlas, grátense

Derived terms

• grata

 

Related terms

• bruñir
• limpiar

 

Further reading

• “gratar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014