ska

See also: SKA, -ska, skA, and skå

English

Etymology

Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound; other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /skɑː/, enPR: skä

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• Homophone: scar (non-rhotic accents)
• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

ska (uncountable)

1. (music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.
   • 1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:

     Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”

   • 2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:

     Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.

Derived terms

• skacore
• skank
• ska punk

Translations

style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s

• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Dutch: ska (nl) m
• Esperanto: skao
• Finnish: ska (fi)
• French: ska (fr) m
• German: Ska m
• Italian: ska (it) m
• Jamaican Creole: skia
• Japanese: スカ (suka)
• Korean: 스카 (seuka)
• Polish: ska (pl) n
• Portuguese: ska m
• Russian: ска (ru) (ska)
• Spanish: ska m
• Swedish: ska (sv) c

Further reading

• ska on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• AKs, ASK, Ask, KAs, KSA, SAK, aks, ask, kas

Albanian

Alternative forms

• s'ka

Etymology

From s' +‎ kam.

Verb

ska

1. (impersonal, third person) there isn't

   ska parkim ― no parking

   ska përse (ska pse) ― you're welcome (literally, “there isn't why”)

Derived terms

• ska probljem

Basque

Etymology

From English ska.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /es̺ka/ [es̺.ka]
• Rhymes: -es̺ka

Noun

ska inan

1. (music) ska

Declension

Declension of ska (inanimate, singular only, ending in -a)

	indefinite	singular
absolutive	ska	ska
ergative	—	skak
dative	—	skari
genitive	—	skaren
comitative	—	skarekin
causative	—	skarengatik
benefactive	—	skarentzat
instrumental	skaz	skaz
inessive	—	skan
locative	—	—
allative	—	—
terminative	—	—
directive	—	—
destinative	—	—
ablative	—	—
partitive	skarik	—
prolative	skatzat	—

Further reading

• "ska" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English ska.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /skaː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ska
• Rhymes: -aː

Noun

ska m (uncountable)

1. (music) ska

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ska (present tense skar, past tense skadde, past participle skadd)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by skade

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse skaða.

Alternative forms

• skada (long form with a or split infinitive)
• skade (long form with e infinitive)

Verb

ska (present tense skar, past tense skadde, past participle skadd, present participle skadande, imperative ska)

1. (transitive) to damage, injure
2. (transitive) to harm, inconvenience

Etymology 2

Apocopic form of skal (“shall”).

Verb

ska

1. (dialectal) alternative form of skal, present tense of skulle
   • 1802, Edvard Storm, “Sæterreiſe”, in Laurents Hallager, Norsk Ordsamling, Sebastian Popp, page 183:

     Qvar ein Dag ſka Gjæstbo væra, Māt ſka naa aat døkre Kne.

     Every day shall be a feast, food shall reach to your knees

   • c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:

     den ret-færigie ska værte salig a trunaa

     the just shall be saved by the faith

References

• “ska” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “ska” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ska.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ska/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ska
• Homophone: -ska

Noun

ska n (indeclinable)

1. ska (style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae)

Further reading

• ska in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ska in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Spanish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ska.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈska/ [ˈska], /esˈka/ [esˈka]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ska

Noun

ska m (plural skas)

1. ska

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ska.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑː/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

ska c

1. ska; a style of dance music

Etymology 2

Apocopic form of skall, present tense of skola (see there for additional senses and examples), from skulu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /skɑː/
• (Gothenburg) IPA^(key): /ˈskaː/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

ska

1. will, be going to; denotes a promise or strong intent to perform an action in the future

   Imorgon ska vi mata tigrar

   Tomorrow, we're going to feed tigers

   Jag ska göra det imorgon. Jag lovar!

   I will do it tomorrow. I promise!

3. shall, have to; be required to

   Nej, du ska göra det idag!

   No, you shall do it today!

4. to be said to, to be claimed, to be alleged

   Mannen ska ha uppträtt hotfullt

   The man is said to have behaved in a threatening manner

   Hon ska vara över två meter lång

   She is said to be more than two meters tall

   Det ska tydligen regna imorgon

   Apparently, it's going to rain tomorrow (it is said to be raining tomorrow, on the weather report or the like)

   Jag är väldigt upprörd över ryktena om att jag skulle varit otrogen mot min fru

   I am very upset by the rumors claiming that I have been unfaithful to my wife

6. (with an adverbial involving movement or direction) to intend (for) to go (to/towards) (as if a gå (“walk”), åka (“drive, go”), följa (“follow”), resa (“travel”), or the like had been elided); compare constructions like "I want home" in English.

   Jag ska (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) till affären

   I'm going to the store

   Jag ska (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) hem

   I'm going home

   Jag ska (k̶l̶ä̶t̶t̶r̶a̶) upp på taket

   I'm going up on the roof

   Vi ska (g̶å̶) av vid bensinstationen

   We're getting off at the gas station

   Ska du (f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶) med?

   Wanna join us (to some place)?

   Han ska (å̶k̶a̶) ut!

   We must get him out of here!

   Jag tror han skulle (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) hem

   I think he was going home

   Skulle du (f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶) med eller?

   Were you going to join or what?

   Jag ska (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) dit imorgon

   I'm going there tomorrow

Usage notes

• The construction in (sense 4) is commonly used with vilja (“want”) and måste (“must”) as well, and may occasionally be used with for example borde (“should, ought to”).
• Not old-fashioned or formal like English shall in (sense 2), but a perfect match for meaning (which is usually the case for other senses as well). Skall is an older or more formal spelling and pronunciation for the present tense, which does match English shall in tone. See also the usage notes for skall.
• Infinitive and supine are rarely (if ever) used, and may be considered archaic, but see skola for some additional senses and examples related to other forms.
• kommer att may also be used to denote a future action, but while it denotes something inevitable (something absolutely certain), ska refers to something which is required, intended, or a promise. Compare also bör, which is a (very) strong recommendation, but not without possibility to wiggle out of; and måste (must) which is used when there is a compelling need to do something:

  Solen kommer att gå upp i morgon bitti

  The Sun will rise tomorrow morning.

  Jag kommer att städa i morgon.

  I will clean up tomorrow (There's no doubt about that)

  Jag ska städa i morgon.

  I will (I promise to/I have been forced to promise to) clean up tomorrow.

  Jag måste städa i morgon.

  I have to clean up tomorrow [since there are guests coming]

  Jag bör städa i morgon.

  I should clean up tomorrow (It would be good if I did some cleaning up tomorrow)

Conjugation

Conjugation of skola (irregular)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	skola		—
Supine	skolat		—
Imperative	—		—
Imper. plural1	—		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	ska, skall	skulle	—	—
Ind. plural1	skola	skulle	—	—
Subjunctive2	skole	skulle	—	—
	Participles
Present participle	—
Past participle	—
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

See also

• skola (the rare infinitive – has additional senses and examples)

References

• ska in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ska in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ska in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• Ask, ask, sak

Zacatepec Chatino

Numeral

ska

1. one