إن

See also: ان, آن, أن, اَنْ, -ان, and ان-

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šim.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔin/

Conjunction

إِن • (ʔin)

1. (conditional) if (possible, not contrary to fact)

   إِنْ تَدْرُسْ تَنْجَحْ ― ʔin tadrus tanjaḥ ― if you study you (will) succeed

   إِنْ لَا تَدْرُسْ لَا تَنْجَحْ ― ʔin lā tadrus lā tanjaḥ ― if you do not study you (will) not succeed

   إِن أَحْبَبْتَنِي ― ʾin ʾaḥbabta-nī ― if you love me

   إِن تُحْبِبْنِي ― ʾin tuḥbib-nī ― if you love me

   إِن شَاءَ ٱللّٰه ― ʔin šāʔa llāh ― if God/Allah wills

Synonyms

• إِذْمَا (ʔiḏmā)

Usage notes

Normally for conditions that are capable of being fulfilled. For contrary-to-fact conditions, use لَوْ (law). Used with the past tense or the jussive, in both cases with a present-tense meaning.

Etymology 2

Cognate to Hebrew הִנֵּה (“lo, behold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔin.na/

Particle

إِنَّ • (ʔinna)

1. indeed, an emphasizing sentence particle, usually untranslated

   إِنِّي فَقِير وَلَا أَجِدُ‏ طَعَامًا أُطْعِمُ أَوْلَادِي وَعَائِلَتِي، فَسَاعِدْنِي.

   ʔinnī faqīr walā ʔajidu ṭaʕāman ʔuṭʕimu ʔawlādī waʕāʔilatī, fasāʕidnī.

   I am poor and can't find food to feed my children and my family, so please help me.

Usage notes

• The subject of a clause containing إِنَّ (ʔinna) takes the accusative case, personal pronouns take enclitic forms.
• When إِنَّ (ʔinna) is followed by the first person singular enclitic ـِي (-ī, “my, me”), it produces forms إِنِّي (ʔinnī) or إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī). When it is followed by by the first person plural enclitic نَا (nā, “our, us”), it produces forms إِنَّا (ʔinnā) or إِنَّنَا (ʔinnanā).

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					إِنَّ (ʾinna)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	إِنِّي / إِنِّيَ / إِنَّنِي / إِنَّنِيَ (ʔinnī / ʔinniya / ʔinnanī / ʔinnaniya)		إِنَّنَا / إِنَّا (ʔinnanā / ʔinnā)
Second person	إِنَّكَ (ʾinnaka)	إِنَّكِ (ʾinnaki)	إِنَّكُمَا (ʾinnakumā)	إِنَّكُمْ (ʾinnakum)	إِنَّكُنَّ (ʾinnakunna)
Third person	إِنَّهُ (ʾinnahu)	إِنَّهَا (ʾinnahā)	إِنَّهُمَا (ʾinnahumā)	إِنَّهُمْ (ʾinnahum)	إِنَّهُنَّ (ʾinnahunna)

See also

• (ʾinna and her sisters) إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا (ʔinna waʔaḵawātuhā); إِنَّ (ʔinna), أَنَّ (ʔanna), لٰكِنَّ (lākinna), كَأَنَّ (kaʔanna), لَعَلَّ (laʕalla), لَيْتَ (layta), ^{(Category: Sisters of ʾinna)}

Etymology 3

Cognate to Hebrew אין (ein).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔin/

Particle

إِنْ • (ʔin)

1. not
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 67:20:

     إِنِ الْكَافِرُونَ إلاَّ فِي غُرُورٍ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:62:

     إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا إِحْسَانًا وَتَوْفِيقًا

     ʔin ʔaradnā ʔillā ʔiḥsānan watawfīqan

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

• مَا (mā)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “إن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 103 seqq.
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “إن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 37