بخت

See also: تخت, بحت, تجب, تحب, بحث, تحت, and ب ح ث

Arabic

Etymology 1

Back-formed and simplified from a nisba-epitheted name, as it has also been called الْبَخْتَرِيّ (al-baḵtariyy) الْإِبِل الْخُرَاسَانِيَّة (al-ʔibil al-ḵurāsāniyya), الْجَمَل الْبُخَارِيّ (al-jamal al-buḵāriyy) etc., various connections made to Bactria, Balkh and Bukhara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buxt/

Noun

بُخْت • (buḵt) m (collective, singulative بُخْتِيّ m or f (buḵtiyy) or بُخْتِيَّة (buḵtiyya), plural بَخَاتِيّ (baḵātiyy))

1. a half-breed from a male Bactrian camel and a female dromedary
   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 37:190:

     رُؤُوسُهُنَّ كَأَسْنِمَةِ الْبُخْتِ الْمَائِلَةِ

     ruʔūsuhunna kaʔasnimati l-buḵti l-māʔilati

     Their heads are inclined like the humps of Bactrian dromedaries.

Declension

Declension of noun بُخْت (buḵt)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُخْت buḵt	الْبُخْت al-buḵt	بُخْت buḵt
nominative	بُخْتٌ buḵtun	الْبُخْتُ al-buḵtu	بُخْتُ buḵtu
accusative	بُخْتًا buḵtan	الْبُخْتَ al-buḵta	بُخْتَ buḵta
genitive	بُخْتٍ buḵtin	الْبُخْتِ al-buḵti	بُخْتِ buḵti
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُخْتِيَّيْن buḵtiyyayn	الْبُخْتِيَّيْن al-buḵtiyyayn	بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay
nominative	بُخْتِيَّانِ buḵtiyyāni	الْبُخْتِيَّانِ al-buḵtiyyāni	بُخْتِيَّا buḵtiyyā
accusative	بُخْتِيَّيْنِ buḵtiyyayni	الْبُخْتِيَّيْنِ al-buḵtiyyayni	بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay
genitive	بُخْتِيَّيْنِ buḵtiyyayni	الْبُخْتِيَّيْنِ al-buḵtiyyayni	بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَخَاتِي baḵātī	الْبَخَاتِي al-baḵātī	بَخَاتِي baḵātī
nominative	بَخَاتِيُّ baḵātiyyu	الْبَخَاتِيُّ al-baḵātiyyu	بَخَاتِيُّ baḵātiyyu
accusative	بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya	الْبَخَاتِيَّ al-baḵātiyya	بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya
genitive	بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya	الْبَخَاتِيِّ al-baḵātiyyi	بَخَاتِيِّ baḵātiyyi

Etymology 2

From Persian بخت (baxt) or its earlier forms.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baxt/

Noun

بَخْت • (baḵt) m (plural بُخُوت (buḵūt))

1. luck

Declension

Declension of noun بَخْت (baḵt)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَخْت baḵt	الْبَخْت al-baḵt	بَخْت baḵt
nominative	بَخْتٌ baḵtun	الْبَخْتُ al-baḵtu	بَخْتُ baḵtu
accusative	بَخْتًا baḵtan	الْبَخْتَ al-baḵta	بَخْتَ baḵta
genitive	بَخْتٍ baḵtin	الْبَخْتِ al-baḵti	بَخْتِ baḵti
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَخْتَيْن baḵtayn	الْبَخْتَيْن al-baḵtayn	بَخْتَيْ baḵtay
nominative	بَخْتَانِ baḵtāni	الْبَخْتَانِ al-baḵtāni	بَخْتَا baḵtā
accusative	بَخْتَيْنِ baḵtayni	الْبَخْتَيْنِ al-baḵtayni	بَخْتَيْ baḵtay
genitive	بَخْتَيْنِ baḵtayni	الْبَخْتَيْنِ al-baḵtayni	بَخْتَيْ baḵtay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُخُوت buḵūt	الْبُخُوت al-buḵūt	بُخُوت buḵūt
nominative	بُخُوتٌ buḵūtun	الْبُخُوتُ al-buḵūtu	بُخُوتُ buḵūtu
accusative	بُخُوتًا buḵūtan	الْبُخُوتَ al-buḵūta	بُخُوتَ buḵūta
genitive	بُخُوتٍ buḵūtin	الْبُخُوتِ al-buḵūti	بُخُوتِ buḵūti

Descendants

• Algerian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
• Egyptian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
• Gulf Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
• Omani Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
  • → Swahili: bahati
• South Levantine Arabic: بخت (baḵt)

Khalaj

Noun

بَخت (baxt, bəxt) (definite accusative بَختی or بَختؽ, plural بَختلَر or بَختلار)

1. Arabic spelling of baxt, bəxt (“luck”)

Declension

Declension of بخت

	singular	plural
nominative	بخت	بختلار
genitive	بختؽݧ	بختلارؽݧ
dative	بختقا	بختلارقا
definite accusative	بختؽ	بختلارؽ
locative	بختچا	بختلارچا
ablative	بختدا	بختلاردا
instrumental	بختلا	بختلارلا
equative	بختوارا	بختلاروارا

Declension of بخت

	singular	plural
nominative	بخت	بختلَر
genitive	بختۆݧ	بختلَریݧ
dative	بختکه	بختلَرکه
definite accusative	بختۆ	بختلَری
locative	بختچه	بختلَرچه
ablative	بختده	بختلَرده
instrumental	بختله	بختلَرله
equative	بختوارا	بختلَروارا

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian بخت (baxt, “luck, fortune”), itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)ht' /⁠baxt⁠/, “fortune, luck”).

Noun

بخت • (baht)

1. fortune, chance, the arrival of something in an unexpected manner

   Synonyms: طالع (taliʼ), قسمت (kismet)

2. luck, fortune, something favorable that happens to someone by chance

   Synonyms: اوغور (uğur), حظ (hazz), دولت (devlet), طالع (taliʼ), قوت (kut)

Derived terms

• بخت ایشی (baht işi, “turn of fortune”)
• بخت سیاه (baht-ı siyah, “bad luck”)
• بختسز (bahtsız, “unfortunate”)
• بختلی (bahtlı, “lucky”)
• بختیار (bahtiyar, “whose fortune favors”)
• بدبخت (bedbaht, “bad luck”)

Descendants

• Turkish: baht
• → Bulgarian: бахт (baht)
• → Serbo-Croatian: bȁht/ ба̏хт, bȃt / ба̑т

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “baht1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 439
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “baht”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 83
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بخت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 254
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sors”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1576
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بخت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 718
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “baht”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بخت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 343

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)ht' /⁠baxt⁠/, “fortune, luck”) which is the past stem of Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)htn', bhš- /⁠baxtan, baxš⁠/, “to apportion, to distribute, to allocate”) , from Proto-Iranian *bagta- (“assigned, allotted; fate”), a lexicalized past participle ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to distribute”); see there for further information.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [baxt]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäxt̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäxt̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäxt̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäxt̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæxt̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäχt̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	baxt
Dari reading?	baxt
Iranian reading?	baxt
Tajik reading?	baxt

Noun

بخت • (baxt)

1. fortune, prosperity, felicity, happiness
2. luck (good or bad)
3. horoscope, nativity, planet, constellation
4. nightmare
5. kind of locust

Derived terms

• بَختاوَر (baxtâvar)
• بَختیار (baxtyâr)
• بَدبَخت (badbaxt)
• خْوَشبَخت (xošbaxt)
• کم‌بخت (kambaxt)

Descendants

• → Arabic: بَخْت (baḵt)
  • Algerian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
  • Egyptian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
  • Gulf Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
  • Omani Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
    • → Swahili: bahati
  • South Levantine Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
• → Azerbaijani: bəxt
• → Bashkir: бәхет (bəxet)
• → Hindi: बख़्त (baxt)
• → Kazakh: бақыт (baqyt)
• → Khalaj: baxt
• → Kyrgyz: бакыт (bakıt)
• → Northern Kurdish: baxt
• → Ottoman Turkish: بخت (baht)
  • Turkish: baht
  • → Bulgarian: бахт (baht)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: bȁht/ ба̏хт, bȃt / ба̑т
• → Punjabi: ਬਖ਼ਤ (baxat)
• → Romani: baxt
  • → Romanian: baftă
• → Urdu: بخت (baxt)
• → Uyghur: بەخت (bext)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بخت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul