زمان

See also: رمان

Arabic

Etymology

Eventually from Proto-Semitic *zaman-, from the root ز م ن (z-m-n). The regular outcome of the Proto-Semitic etymon is Arabic زَمَن (zaman), however. The form with a long vowel was perhaps borrowed through Middle Persian or another language. Compare Persian زمان (zamân) below for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /za.maːn/

Noun

زَمَان • (zamān) m (plural أَزْمِنَة (ʔazmina))

1. (uncountable and countable) time

   Coordinate term: مَكَان (makān)

Declension

Declension of noun زَمَان (zamān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَمَان zamān	الزَّمَان az-zamān	زَمَان zamān
Nominative	زَمَانٌ zamānun	الزَّمَانُ az-zamānu	زَمَانُ zamānu
Accusative	زَمَانًا zamānan	الزَّمَانَ az-zamāna	زَمَانَ zamāna
Genitive	زَمَانٍ zamānin	الزَّمَانِ az-zamāni	زَمَانِ zamāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَمَانَيْن zamānayn	الزَّمَانَيْن az-zamānayn	زَمَانَيْ zamānay
Nominative	زَمَانَانِ zamānāni	الزَّمَانَانِ az-zamānāni	زَمَانَا zamānā
Accusative	زَمَانَيْنِ zamānayni	الزَّمَانَيْنِ az-zamānayni	زَمَانَيْ zamānay
Genitive	زَمَانَيْنِ zamānayni	الزَّمَانَيْنِ az-zamānayni	زَمَانَيْ zamānay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَزْمِنَة ʔazmina	الْأَزْمِنَة al-ʔazmina	أَزْمِنَة ʔazminat
Nominative	أَزْمِنَةٌ ʔazminatun	الْأَزْمِنَةُ al-ʔazminatu	أَزْمِنَةُ ʔazminatu
Accusative	أَزْمِنَةً ʔazminatan	الْأَزْمِنَةَ al-ʔazminata	أَزْمِنَةَ ʔazminata
Genitive	أَزْمِنَةٍ ʔazminatin	الْأَزْمِنَةِ al-ʔazminati	أَزْمِنَةِ ʔazminati

Derived terms

• زَمَانِيّ (zamāniyy)
• زَمَكَان (zamakān)

Synonyms

• زَمَن (zaman)

Descendants

• Maltese: żmien

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “زمان”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 256
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “زمن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 444

---

Malay

Alternative forms

• zaman

Etymology

From Persian زمان (zamân).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaman/
• Rhymes: -aman, -man, -an

Noun

زمان (Rumi spelling zaman, plural زمان٢)

1. age (particular period of time in history)

---

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ODNA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ẕmʾn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (zmn'), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /⁠zamān⁠/), from Akkadian 𒋛𒈠𒉡 (zimān; simanu), from Proto-Semitic *zaman-. Compare Parthian 𐫋𐫖𐫀𐫗 (jmʾn /⁠žamān⁠/), Gurani ژەمەن (žaman, “meal”), Central Kurdish ژەم (žam, “meal”), and Iranian borrowings Old Armenian ժաման (žaman), ժամանակ (žamanak).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ân

Noun

Dari	زمان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	замон

زمان • (zamân)

1. time (referring to a broad time period like epoch, period, season, etc. It is not the type of time that one reads from a watch or a clock)
2. (physics) time
3. season
4. epoch
5. (grammar) tense
6. death

Synonyms

• (time): وقت (vaqt)
• (death): مرگ (marg)

Derived terms

• زمانمند (zamânmand)
• زمانه (zamâne)
• زمانی (zamâni)
• زمان‌بندی (zamân-bandi)
• فضازمان (fazâ-zamân)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: zaman
• → Bashkir: заман (zaman)
• → Dargwa: замана (zamana)
• → Kazakh: заман (zaman)
• → Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ज़माना (zamānā)

  Urdu: زمانہ (zamānā)

• → Malay: زمان / zaman
• → Ossetian: за́ман (záman)
• → Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)
  • Turkish: zaman
  • → Albanian: zaman
  • → Serbo-Croatian: заман (zaman)
• → Tatar: заман (zaman)

References

• Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎^[2], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 91–92