شكر

See also: ش ك ر‎, شکر‎, شڪر‎, سکر‎, سكر‎, and سكز‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ش ك ر‎ (š-k-r). Compare Hebrew שכר.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

شَكَرَ • (šakara) I, non-past يَشْكُرُ‎‎ (yaškuru)

1. to thank, to be thankful, to be grateful

   ‏شَكَرَ لَهُ عَمَلَهُ‎ ― šakara lahu ʕamalahu ― He thanked him for his work.

2. to praise, to laud, to extol
3. to acknowledge, to acknowledge goodness

Conjugation

Conjugation of

شَكَرَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns شُكْر or شُكْرَان)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						شُكْر or شُكْرَان‎ šukr or šukrān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَاكِر‎ šākir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشْكُور‎ maškūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَكَرْتُ‎ šakartu	شَكَرْتَ‎ šakarta	شَكَرَ šakara		شَكَرْتُمَا‎ šakartumā	شَكَرَا‎ šakarā		شَكَرْنَا‎ šakarnā	شَكَرْتُمْ‎ šakartum	شَكَرُوا‎ šakarū
	f		شَكَرْتِ‎ šakarti	شَكَرَتْ‎ šakarat			شَكَرَتَا‎ šakaratā			شَكَرْتُنَّ‎ šakartunna	شَكَرْنَ‎ šakarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْكُرُ‎ ʔaškuru	تَشْكُرُ‎ taškuru	يَشْكُرُ‎ yaškuru		تَشْكُرَانِ‎ taškurāni	يَشْكُرَانِ‎ yaškurāni		نَشْكُرُ‎ naškuru	تَشْكُرُونَ‎ taškurūna	يَشْكُرُونَ‎ yaškurūna
	f		تَشْكُرِينَ‎ taškurīna	تَشْكُرُ‎ taškuru			تَشْكُرَانِ‎ taškurāni			تَشْكُرْنَ‎ taškurna	يَشْكُرْنَ‎ yaškurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْكُرَ‎ ʔaškura	تَشْكُرَ‎ taškura	يَشْكُرَ‎ yaškura		تَشْكُرَا‎ taškurā	يَشْكُرَا‎ yaškurā		نَشْكُرَ‎ naškura	تَشْكُرُوا‎ taškurū	يَشْكُرُوا‎ yaškurū
	f		تَشْكُرِي‎ taškurī	تَشْكُرَ‎ taškura			تَشْكُرَا‎ taškurā			تَشْكُرْنَ‎ taškurna	يَشْكُرْنَ‎ yaškurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْكُرْ‎ ʔaškur	تَشْكُرْ‎ taškur	يَشْكُرْ‎ yaškur		تَشْكُرَا‎ taškurā	يَشْكُرَا‎ yaškurā		نَشْكُرْ‎ naškur	تَشْكُرُوا‎ taškurū	يَشْكُرُوا‎ yaškurū
	f		تَشْكُرِي‎ taškurī	تَشْكُرْ‎ taškur			تَشْكُرَا‎ taškurā			تَشْكُرْنَ‎ taškurna	يَشْكُرْنَ‎ yaškurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُشْكُرْ‎ uškur			اُشْكُرَا‎ uškurā				اُشْكُرُوا‎ uškurū
	f		اُشْكُرِي‎ uškurī							اُشْكُرْنَ‎ uškurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُكِرْتُ‎ šukirtu	شُكِرْتَ‎ šukirta	شُكِرَ šukira		شُكِرْتُمَا‎ šukirtumā	شُكِرَا‎ šukirā		شُكِرْنَا‎ šukirnā	شُكِرْتُمْ‎ šukirtum	شُكِرُوا‎ šukirū
	f		شُكِرْتِ‎ šukirti	شُكِرَتْ‎ šukirat			شُكِرَتَا‎ šukiratā			شُكِرْتُنَّ‎ šukirtunna	شُكِرْنَ‎ šukirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشْكَرُ‎ ʔuškaru	تُشْكَرُ‎ tuškaru	يُشْكَرُ‎ yuškaru		تُشْكَرَانِ‎ tuškarāni	يُشْكَرَانِ‎ yuškarāni		نُشْكَرُ‎ nuškaru	تُشْكَرُونَ‎ tuškarūna	يُشْكَرُونَ‎ yuškarūna
	f		تُشْكَرِينَ‎ tuškarīna	تُشْكَرُ‎ tuškaru			تُشْكَرَانِ‎ tuškarāni			تُشْكَرْنَ‎ tuškarna	يُشْكَرْنَ‎ yuškarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشْكَرَ‎ ʔuškara	تُشْكَرَ‎ tuškara	يُشْكَرَ‎ yuškara		تُشْكَرَا‎ tuškarā	يُشْكَرَا‎ yuškarā		نُشْكَرَ‎ nuškara	تُشْكَرُوا‎ tuškarū	يُشْكَرُوا‎ yuškarū
	f		تُشْكَرِي‎ tuškarī	تُشْكَرَ‎ tuškara			تُشْكَرَا‎ tuškarā			تُشْكَرْنَ‎ tuškarna	يُشْكَرْنَ‎ yuškarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشْكَرْ‎ ʔuškar	تُشْكَرْ‎ tuškar	يُشْكَرْ‎ yuškar		تُشْكَرَا‎ tuškarā	يُشْكَرَا‎ yuškarā		نُشْكَرْ‎ nuškar	تُشْكَرُوا‎ tuškarū	يُشْكَرُوا‎ yuškarū
	f		تُشْكَرِي‎ tuškarī	تُشْكَرْ‎ tuškar			تُشْكَرَا‎ tuškarā			تُشْكَرْنَ‎ tuškarna	يُشْكَرْنَ‎ yuškarna

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃukr/

Noun

شُكْر • (šukr) m

1. verbal noun of شَكَرَ (šakara) (form I)
2. thankfulness, gratitude

Declension

Declension of noun شُكْر (šukr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شُكْر šukr	الشُّكْر‎ aš-šukr	شُكْر šukr
Nominative	شُكْرٌ šukrun	الشُّكْرُ‎ aš-šukru	شُكْرُ šukru
Accusative	شُكْرًا‎ šukran	الشُّكْرَ‎ aš-šukra	شُكْرَ šukra
Genitive	شُكْرٍ šukrin	الشُّكْرِ‎ aš-šukri	شُكْرِ šukri

Antonyms

• جُحُود‎ (juḥūd)

Derived terms

• شُكْراً‎ (šukran, “thanks”, interjection)
• شُكْرِيّ‎ (šukriyy, “of thanks, thanking”, adjective)
• شُكْرِيّ‎ (šukriyy, a male given name, Shukri, meaning ‘thankful’)
• شُكْرِيَّة‎ (šukriyya, a female given name, Shukriyya, meaning ‘thankful’)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: şükr, şükür
• → Bashkir: шөкөр (şökör)
• → Bengali: শোকর (śōkor)
• → Chagatai: شکر‎
  • Uyghur: شۈكۈر‎ (shükür)
  • Uzbek: shukr, shukur, Shukur
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: शुक्र (śukr)
  • Urdu: شُکْر‎ (śukr)
• → Kazakh: шүкір (şükır)
• → Malay: syukur
  • Indonesian: syukur
  • → Ternate: suku
• → Ottoman Turkish: شُكْر‎ (şükr)
  • Turkish: şükür
  • → Ladino: shukur
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: шућур
    • Latin script: šućur
• → Pashto: شکر‎ (šukr)
• → Persian: شکر‎ (šokr)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਕਰ (śukr)
  • Shahmukhi script: شُکْر‎ (śukr)
• → Sindhi: شُڪُرُ‎ (śukuru)
• → Swahili: shukuru
• → Tatar: шөкер (şöker)
• → Turkmen: şükür

(Indo-Aryan interjections meaning ‘thank you’, all derived from شُكْر‎ (šukr) + ـِيَّة‎ (-iyya) (not borrowed from Arabic شُكْرِيَّة‎ (šukriyya)):

• ⇒ Bengali: শুকরিয়া (śukriẏa)
• ⇒ Dhivehi: ޝުކުރިއްޔާ‎ (šukuriyyā)
• ⇒ Hindustani:
  • Hindi: शुक्रिया (śukriyā)
  • Urdu: شُکْرِیَہ‎ (śukriya)
• ⇒ Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਕਰੀਆ (śukrīā)
  • Shahmukhi script: شُکْرِیَہ‎ (śukriyah)

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian شكر‎ & Ottoman Turkish شکر‎ (šakar)

Pronunciation

• (Sharg sub-dialect, Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ʃɪkər/
• (Finṭās sub-dialect, Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ʃəkər/
• (Jibla sub-dialect, Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ʃəkɪr/

See usage notes.

Noun

شكر • (šikar, šakar, šakir) m

1. (uncountable) sugar

Usage

In Kuwait, some people use the Standard Arabic form (سُكَّر‎ (sukkar)) instead as the pronunciation can be a shibboleth.

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شکر‎ (şeker)

Noun

شَكَر (šakar) m

1. sugar

Ottoman Turkish

شکر

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian شکر‎ (šakar), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥‎ (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).

Noun

شكر • (şeker)

1. sugar, sucrose obtained by various plants, such as the sugar cane or the sugar beet

   ‏به شکر به شاب‎ ― neither fish nor fowl (literally, “better sugar or alum”)

2. sugar-plum, comfit, a round or oval piece of candy made of boiled sugar

Derived terms

• خام شكر‎ (ham şeker, “raw sugar”)
• شكر ایشی‎ (şeker işi, “confectionery”)
• شكر قامشی‎ (şeker kamışı, “sugar cane”)
• شكر كسدرمك‎ (şeker kesdirmek, “to clarify sugar”)
• شكر گفتار‎ (şeker güftar, “suaviloquent”)
• شكرجی‎ (şekerci, “confectioner”)
• شكرستان‎ (şekeristan, “plantation of sugar cane”)
• شكرلك‎ (şekerlik, “quality of sugar”)
• شكرلمك‎ (şekerlemek, “to sugar, sweeten”)
• شكرلنمك‎ (şekerlenmek, “to be sugared, sweetened”)
• شكرلو‎ (şekerli, “containing sugar”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: şeker
• → Adyghe: шэкэр (šɛkɛr)
• → Albanian: sheqer
• → Armenian: շեքեր (šekʿer)
• → Bulgarian: шеке́р (šekér)
• → Central Kurdish: شەکر‎ (şekir)
• → Crimean Tatar: şeker
• → Gagauz: şeker
• → Gulf Arabic: شكر‎ (shákar)
• → Iraqi Arabic: شكر‎ (shákar)
• → Ladino: sheker
• → Laz: შექერი (şekeri), შეჩერი (şeçeri)
• → Macedonian: шеќер (šeḱer)
• → Northern Kurdish: şekir
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: шећер

  Latin script: šećer

• → Zazaki: şeker

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “şeker”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4450
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “شكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 731
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Saccharum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1498
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “شكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, columns 2839–2840
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “شكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1131

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic شُكْر‎ (šukr).

Noun

شكر • (şükr, vulg. şükür)

1. thankfulness, gratitude

Descendants

• Turkish: şükür
• → Ladino: shukur
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: шућур

  Latin script: šućur

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “şükür1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4506
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “شكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 731
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Saccharum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1498
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “شكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 2841
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “شكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1131

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش ك ر‎
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic شَكَرَ‎ (šakara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.kar/, [ˈʃa.kar]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

شكر • (šakar) (form I, present بشكر‎ (boškor))

1. to thank

   ‏أشكرك‎‎ (formal, to a male) ― ʔaškorak ― I thank you

   ‏أشكرك‎‎ (formal, to a female) ― ʔaškorek ― I thank you

Conjugation

Conjugation of شكر (šakar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	شكرت (šakart)	شكرت (šakart)	شكر (šakar)		شكرنا (šakarna)	شكرتو (šakartu)	شكرو (šakaru)
	f		شكرتي (šakarti)	شكرت (šakrat)
present	m	بشكر (baškor)	بتشكر (btoškor)	بشكر (boškor)		منشكر (mnoškor)	بتشكرو (btoškoru)	بشكرو (boškoru)
	f		بتشكري (btoškori)	بتشكر (btoškor)
subjunctive	m	أشكر (ʔaškor)	تشكر (toškor)	يشكر (yoškor)		نشكر (noškor)	تشكرو (toškoru)	يشكرو (yoškoru)
	f		تشكري (toškori)	تشكر (toškor)
imperative	m		اشكر (oškor)				اشكرو (oškoru)
	f		اشكري (oškori)

See also

• شكرا‎ (šukran, “thanks, thank you”)