عود

See also: ع و د

Arabic

Etymology 1

From ع و د (ʕ-w-d) meaning to bend or be flexible, to return, to be supple. See also aloe, lute.

The instrument sense of the word derives as an Arabic version of the Persian بربط (barbat), that featured a smaller more curved neck with greater tension, as well as a larger rounded belly created from steam-bent strips of wood. The Barbat was carved from one solid piece of wood, the larger size of the oud's belly was something not previously possible before the further development of using hot moisture to aid in bending thin strips. This characteristic technique became the traditional source of the instruments name; for more see Oud and Barbat.

However there is a cognate instrument Ugaritic 𐎓𐎄 (ʿd, “lute, an instrument”) 1000's of years prior to this, identified as an early chordophone with connection to the Sumerian 𒄑𒅗𒁲 (gu₃.di, “instruments in general, a lute”, literally “wood that has voice”) This precursor to ouds and guitars was constructed of strings laid on a wood-staff that ran through the whole body of the instrument attached to a simple drum-like resonating body; as strings of lyres and drums were used prior, the distinguishing feature was this wooden rod.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕuːd/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

عُود • (ʕūd) m (plural أَعْوَاد (ʔaʕwād) or عِيدَان (ʕīdān))

1. wood, timber
2. stick, rod, pole
3. branch, twig
4. stem, stalk
5. cane, reed
6. aloe, agarwood, any plant with high moisture content
7. thin strip of wood, veneer
8. (music) oud, lute
9. body, build, physique
10. strength, specifically tensile strength, force, intensity

Declension

Declension of noun عُود (ʕūd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُود ʕūd	الْعُود al-ʕūd	عُود ʕūd
Nominative	عُودٌ ʕūdun	الْعُودُ al-ʕūdu	عُودُ ʕūdu
Accusative	عُودًا ʕūdan	الْعُودَ al-ʕūda	عُودَ ʕūda
Genitive	عُودٍ ʕūdin	الْعُودِ al-ʕūdi	عُودِ ʕūdi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُودَيْن ʕūdayn	الْعُودَيْن al-ʕūdayn	عُودَيْ ʕūday
Nominative	عُودَانِ ʕūdāni	الْعُودَانِ al-ʕūdāni	عُودَا ʕūdā
Accusative	عُودَيْنِ ʕūdayni	الْعُودَيْنِ al-ʕūdayni	عُودَيْ ʕūday
Genitive	عُودَيْنِ ʕūdayni	الْعُودَيْنِ al-ʕūdayni	عُودَيْ ʕūday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْوَاد‎; عِيدَان ʔaʕwād‎; ʕīdān	الْأَعْوَاد‎; الْعِيدَان al-ʔaʕwād‎; al-ʕīdān	أَعْوَاد‎; عِيدَان ʔaʕwād‎; ʕīdān
Nominative	أَعْوَادٌ‎; عِيدَانٌ ʔaʕwādun‎; ʕīdānun	الْأَعْوَادُ‎; الْعِيدَانُ al-ʔaʕwādu‎; al-ʕīdānu	أَعْوَادُ‎; عِيدَانُ ʔaʕwādu‎; ʕīdānu
Accusative	أَعْوَادًا‎; عِيدَانًا ʔaʕwādan‎; ʕīdānan	الْأَعْوَادَ‎; الْعِيدَانَ al-ʔaʕwāda‎; al-ʕīdāna	أَعْوَادَ‎; عِيدَانَ ʔaʕwāda‎; ʕīdāna
Genitive	أَعْوَادٍ‎; عِيدَانٍ ʔaʕwādin‎; ʕīdānin	الْأَعْوَادِ‎; الْعِيدَانِ al-ʔaʕwādi‎; al-ʕīdāni	أَعْوَادِ‎; عِيدَانِ ʔaʕwādi‎; ʕīdāni

Etymology 2

Verbal noun of عَادَ (ʕāda, “to return”), from the root ع و د (ʕ-w-d).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕawd/

Noun

عَوْد • (ʕawd) m

1. verbal noun of عَادَ (ʕāda) (form I)
2. return
3. reversion, recurrence
4. (law) recidivism
5. repetition, reiteration
6. camel trained to be ridden
   • a. 540, Imruʾ al-Qays, سما لكَ شوقٌ بعدما كان أقصر‎ ^{[1] [2]}:

     وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ إِنْ رَجِعْتُ مُمَلَّكٌ / بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الفُرَانِقَ أَزْوَرَا
     عَلَى لَاحِبٍ لَا يَهْتَدِي بِمَنَارِهِ / إِذَا سَافَهُ الْعَوْدُ النُّبَاطِيُّ جَرْجَرَا
     عَلَى كُلِّ مَقْصُوصِ الذُنَابَى مُعَاوِدٍ / بَرِيدَ السَرَى بِاللَيْلِ مِن خَيْلِ بَرْبَرَا

     wa-ʔinnī zaʕīmun ʔin rajiʕtu mumallakun / bi-sayrin tarā minhu l-furāniqa ʔazwarā
     ʕalā lāḥibin lā yahtadī bi-manāri-hī / ʔiḏā sāfa-hū al-ʕawdu an-nubāṭiyyu jarjarā
     ʕalā kulli maqṣūṣi ḏ-ḏunābā muʕāwidin / barīda s-sarā bi-l-layli min ḵayli barbarā

     And I am the leader when I am envoyed on a trip from which you see asquint a courier
     on an open road guided by no waymark, when it is smelled by the Nabataean camel dragging forward
     on every clipped bird-tail returning nocturnal journey’s mail by night from a horse that whinnied.

7. worn road

Declension

Declension of noun عَوْد (ʕawd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْد ʕawd	الْعَوْد al-ʕawd	عَوْد ʕawd
Nominative	عَوْدٌ ʕawdun	الْعَوْدُ al-ʕawdu	عَوْدُ ʕawdu
Accusative	عَوْدًا ʕawdan	الْعَوْدَ al-ʕawda	عَوْدَ ʕawda
Genitive	عَوْدٍ ʕawdin	الْعَوْدِ al-ʕawdi	عَوْدِ ʕawdi

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Gulf Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕoːd/

Adjective

عود • (ʿōd)

1. big, large

   Synonym: كْبير (kbīr)

Noun

عود • (ʿōd)

1. (Kuwait) (with الـ (il-)) colloquial title of the Emir of Kuwait

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕuːd/

Noun

عود • (ʿūd) (plural اَعْواد (aʿwād) or عيدان (ʿīdān))

1. drinking straw
2. oud, lute
3. incense

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕəwːəd/

Verb

عَوَّد • (ʿawwad) (imperfect يعود (iʿawwid))

1. to make someone get used to something or someone

   عودنا عليك

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

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Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَوْد (ʕawd).

Noun

عود • (ʕawd)

1. horse

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Persian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -uːd

Etymology 1

From Arabic عُود (ʕūd, “aromatic wood wood”).

Noun

عود • (ud)

1. incense

Etymology 2

From Arabic عُود (ʕūd, “wood; lute”).

Noun

عود • (ud) (plural عودها (ud-hâ))

1. (music) oud, lute, barbat

Synonyms

• بربط (barbat)