کره

See also: كره, كرة, گره, گڑھ, گرہ, and ك ر ه

Khalaj

Noun

کَره (kara, kərə) (definite accusative کَره‌نی or کَره‌نؽ, plural کَره‌لَر or کَره‌لار)

1. Arabic spelling of kara, kərə (“butter”)

Declension

Declension of کره

	singular	plural
nominative	کره	کره‌لار
genitive	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لارؽݧ
dative	کره‌قا	کره‌لارقا
definite accusative	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لارؽ
locative	کره‌چا	کره‌لارچا
ablative	کره‌دا	کره‌لاردا
instrumental	کره‌لا	کره‌لارلا
equative	کره‌واره	کره‌لارواره

Declension of کره

	singular	plural
nominative	کره	کره‌لَر
genitive	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لَریݧ
dative	کره‌که	کره‌لَرکه
definite accusative	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لَری
locative	کره‌چه	کره‌لَرچه
ablative	کره‌ده	کره‌لَرده
instrumental	کره‌له	کره‌لَرله
equative	کره‌واره	کره‌لَرواره

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian *karag. Related to Middle Armenian կարագ (karag) and Arabic كَرَج (karaj).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ka.ˈra/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾá]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾá]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾá]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾá]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæ.ɹé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾá]

Readings
Classical reading?	kara
Dari reading?	kara
Iranian reading?	kare
Tajik reading?	kara

Noun

Dari	مسکه
Iranian Persian	کره
Tajik	маска

کره • (kara / kare) (plural کره‌ها (kara-hā / kare-hâ), Tajik spelling кара)

1. butter

   کره تازه ― kare-ye tâze ― fresh butter

2. mouldiness, mustiness

Derived terms

adjectives

• کره‌ای (kare-'i)

nouns

• کره گیری (kare giri)
• کره‌ ساز (kare sâz)
• کره‌ سازی (kare sâzi)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: kərə
• → Khalaj: kara

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic كُرَة (kura).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ku.ˈra/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊ.ɾá]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊ.ɾá]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰʊ.ɾá]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰu.ɾá]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰo.ɹé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰu.ɾá]

Readings
Classical reading?	kura
Dari reading?	kura
Iranian reading?	kore
Tajik reading?	kura

Noun

کره • (kura / kore) (plural کرات, or کره‌ها (kura-hā / kore-hâ), Tajik spelling кура)

1. globe, sphere
2. planet

   Synonym: سیاره (sayyâre)

Derived terms

• خاک‌کره (xâk-kore, “geosphere”)
• زیست‌کره (zist-kore, “biosphere”)
• سنگ‌کره (sang-kore, “lithosphere”)
• نیمکره (nimkore, “hemisphere”)
• کره زمین (kore-ye zamin, “planet earth”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlk' /⁠kurrag⁠/, “colt”), from Old Iranian *kurna-ka-, a derivative of the Proto-Iranian root which gave Bakhtiari کر (kowr), Northern Kurdish kur (“boy, son”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish kurrik, Zazaki kurrî, kirrêk, kirri, kurik, kurrik, Talysh kırə, and akin to Middle Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), քուռիկ (kʻuṙik), Aghwan 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄 (kuruḳ), Georgian ქორაკი (koraḳi), ქორა (kora), კურაკი (ḳuraḳi), კურატი (ḳuraṭi), კურიჰკაჲ (ḳurihḳay), კურიკაჲ (ḳuriḳay), კურია (ḳuria), ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi), ქვირა (kvira), კურო (ḳuro), Arabic كُرَّج (kurraj), Iranian borrowings.

Ultimately perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European and cognate with Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), Hesychian Ancient Greek κύρνος (kúrnos, “bastard son”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kur.ˈra/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊr.rá]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊr.rá]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰʊr.rá]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰur.rá]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰoɹ.ɹé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰuɾ.ɾá]

Readings
Classical reading?	kurra
Dari reading?	kurra
Iranian reading?	korre
Tajik reading?	kurra

Noun

کره خر (korra xar, “donkey foal”)

کره • (kurra / korre) (plural کره‌ها (kurra-hā / korre-hâ), Tajik spelling курра)

1. colt, foal

Derived terms

• کره اسب (korre asb)

Descendants

• → Turkmen: kürre

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “քուռակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 594
• Bielmeier, Roland (1993), “Das Alanische bei Tzetzes”, in W. Skalmowski and A. van Tongerloo, editors, Medioiranica: Proceedings of the International Colloquium organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven from the 21st to 23rd of May 1990 (in German), Leuven: Peeters, pages 14–15, footnote 15
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 375
• Puhvel, Jaan (1997), “kurka-”, in Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 14), volume 4, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 267–268

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic كَرْه (karh).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈkarh/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾʰ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾʰ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæɹʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾʰ]

Readings
Classical reading?	karh
Dari reading?	karh
Iranian reading?	karh
Tajik reading?	karh

Noun

کره • (karh) (Tajik spelling карҳ)

1. aversion, dislike

   Synonyms: بیمیلی (bi-meyli), اکراه (ekrâh)

Related terms

• کرهاً (karhan, “reluctantly”)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French Corée.

Pronunciation

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰo.ɹe]

Readings
Iranian reading?	kore

Proper noun

Dari	کوریا
Iranian Persian	کره
Tajik	Корея

کره • (- / kore)

1. (chiefly Iran) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided in two)

Derived terms

• کُرِه‌ای (kore'i, “Korean”)

• جُمْهوریِ دِموکْراتیکِ خَلْقِ کُرِه (jomhuri-ye demokrâtik-e xâlq-e kore)
• جُمْهوریِ کُرِه (jomhuri-ye kore)
• شِبْه‌ِجَزیرِهٔ کُرِه (šebh-e-jazire-ye kore)
• کُرِهٔ جُنوبی (kore-ye jonubi)
• کُرِهٔ شُمالی (kore-ye šomâli)